ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate the association of adiposity with longitudinal kidney function change in 544 HIV-infected persons in the Study of Fat Redistribution and Metabolic Change in HIV infection (FRAM) cohort over 5 years of follow-up. METHODS: The regional distribution of muscle and adipose tissue was quantified by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and total adiponectin and leptin levels were measured in serum. Kidney function was assessed using the estimated glomerular filtration rate from serum cystatin C (eGFRCys), obtained at baseline and follow-up. Rapid kidney function decline was defined as annual loss of eGFRCys ≥ 3 mL/min/1.73 m(2) , and incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined as eGFRCys <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) . Multivariate regression analysis was adjusted for age, race, gender, glucose, antihypertensive use, serum albumin, baseline and change in HIV viral load. RESULTS: At baseline, mean age was 43 years, mean eGFRCys was 86 mL/min/1.73 m(2) , and 21% of patients had albuminuria. The mean (± standard deviation) eGFRCys decline was -0.11 ± 4.87 mL/min/1.73 m(2) per year; 23% of participants had rapid kidney function decline, and 10% developed incident CKD. The lowest tertile of visceral adipose tissue and the highest tertile of adiponectin were both marginally associated with annual kidney function decline of -0.5 mL/min/1.73 m(2) each, but these associations were not statistically significant after adjustment. We found no statistically significant associations of MRI-measured regional adiposity or serum adipokines with rapid kidney function decline or incident CKD (all P-values>0.1 in adjusted models). CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to findings in the general population, adiposity did not have a substantial association with longitudinal change in kidney function among HIV-infected persons.
Subject(s)
AIDS-Associated Nephropathy/physiopathology , Adipose Tissue/metabolism , Albuminuria/physiopathology , Body Fat Distribution , Cystatin C/blood , HIV Infections/physiopathology , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology , Adiposity , Adult , Biomarkers/blood , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Glomerular Filtration Rate , HIV Infections/complications , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Whole Body ImagingSubject(s)
Candidiasis/diagnosis , Gastric Mucosa , Peptic Ulcer/complications , Adult , Aged , Candida/isolation & purification , Candidiasis/etiology , Candidiasis/microbiology , Candidiasis/therapy , Chronic Disease , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Gastric Mucosa/microbiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Peptic Ulcer/microbiology , Peptic Ulcer/therapyABSTRACT
The authors made a short review of literature on phaeohyphomycosis and described the first case of this disease in the USSR. It was diagnosed on the basis of mycological investigation. This type of investigation was recommended for patients at risk of developing opportunistic infections.
