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1.
Retin Cases Brief Rep ; 15(3): 335-338, 2021 May 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30063580

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To present a case of unilateral stellate nonhereditary idiopathic foveomacular retinoschisis in a patient with macular telangiectasia (MacTel) Type 2. METHODS: Single-patient case report. RESULTS: A 61-year-old female white patient was referred to our clinic with metamorphopsia and reduction of visual acuity over a period of 2 months on her right eye. Ocular findings in her right eye included reduced best-corrected visual acuity of 20/63 Snellen, foveomacular retinoschisis with extension to the lower middle periphery, central elevation of the neurosensory retina, and macular telangiectasia (MacTel) Type 2. Other causes of foveomacular retinoschisis, such as glaucoma, myopic degeneration, optic or scleral pit, X-linked juvenile retinoschisis, degenerative retinoschisis, and vitreomacular traction, were ruled out. The patient had no history of niacin or taxane medication, which may cause rather similar appearing cases of cystoid macular edema without leakage in fluorescein angiography. Because of the unilateral presentation, uneventful medical history, female sex, and the absence of known hereditary diseases or retinal pathologies in the patient's family history, hereditary predisposition appears to be highly unlikely. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of stellate nonhereditary idiopathic foveomacular retinoschisis in combination with MacTel Type 2. Whether or not MacTel Type 2 plays a role in the development of stellate nonhereditary idiopathic foveomacular retinoschisis or has an impact on its clinical course requires further investigation. Furthermore, we suggest a significant involvement of Henle fiber layer in the process of intraretinal expansion in optical coherence tomography, in accordance with the most recent published nomenclature.


Subject(s)
Retinal Telangiectasis/complications , Retinoschisis/complications , Female , Fluorescein Angiography , Humans , Intraocular Pressure , Middle Aged , Retinal Telangiectasis/diagnosis , Retinal Telangiectasis/physiopathology , Retinoschisis/diagnosis , Retinoschisis/physiopathology , Slit Lamp Microscopy , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Vision Disorders/diagnosis , Visual Acuity/physiology
2.
Free Radic Biol Med ; 146: 257-263, 2020 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31705958

ABSTRACT

Ascorbic acid is present at high concentrations in the vitreous and plays a central role in vitreous redox chemistry. Albumin is the main protein in the vitreous with antioxidant properties and occurs in different oxidation states, which can be used as redox indicators, but have not been studied in the vitreous. This study, therefore, addressed the vitreous redox state of cysteine-34 of albumin in relation to the ascorbic acid content, which has been suggested to exert a main function in detoxifying reactive oxygen in the vitreous. A total of 58 vitreous samples obtained from patients undergoing vitrectomy were analyzed for (i) human mercaptalbumin (HMA), the reduced thiol form; (ii) human non-mercaptalbumin1 (HNA1), a reversible oxidative modification with a disulfide at cysteine-34; and (iii) human non-mercaptalbumin2 (HNA2), a non-reversibly (highly) oxidized form of albumin; as well as (iv) ascorbic acid concentrations, to study possible relations. In addition, blood samples were taken to compare albumin redox state between plasma and the vitreous. Vitreous albumin showed greater variability in the redox state of cysteine-34 and a shift to the oxidized fractions compared to plasma albumin (P < 0.001). A strong positive relation was observed between the vitreous ascorbic acid concentrations and the reversibly oxidized form, HNA1 (P < 0.001), and a negative relation with the reduced form, HMA. Positive relations between ascorbic acid and HNA1 in the vitreous were stronger in men than in women. In contrast to HMA and HNA1, there was a distinct gender difference noted for the irreversibly oxidized form, HNA2. While males showed a positive relation between the vitreous ascorbic acid concentrations and HNA2, there was no correlation found with HNA2 in females. Our results support the view that ascorbic acid, by decreasing either directly or indirectly the concentrations of molecular oxygen, generates hydrogen peroxide, and that thiols, including HMA, are acting as antioxidants. This study for the first time provides evidence that vitreous albumin can be used as a marker molecule for the appearance of reactive oxygen species in the vitreous of patients undergoing vitrectomy. Moreover, it can be shown that there are gender differences in vitreous ascorbic acid and albumin concentrations as well as in oxidation state of vitreous albumin.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants , Sex Characteristics , Ascorbic Acid , Female , Humans , Male , Oxidation-Reduction , Reactive Oxygen Species
3.
Ophthalmic Genet ; 39(6): 714-716, 2018 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30442055

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a common chorioretinal disease, characterized by choroidal hyperpermeability leading to neurosensory and/or retinal pigment epithelial detachments. Hypofibrinolysis due to higher plasma concentrations of plasminogen activator type 1 (PAI-1) or lower activity of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of CSC. Functional polymorphisms in the PAI-1 (SERPINE1) and t-Pa (PLAT) are thus potential risk factors for CSC. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate a hypothesized association between the PAI-1 4G/5G and the t-PA -7351C > T gene variants and the presence of CSC. METHODS: The present study comprised 172 CSC patients and 313 control subjects. Genotypes of the PAI-1 4G/5G and the t-PA -7351C > T polymorphisms were determined by TaqManTM fluorogenic 5'-exonuclease assays. RESULTS: Allelic frequencies or genotype distributions of neither the PAI-1 4G/5G nor the t-PA -7531C > T polymorphisms were significantly different between patients with CSC and control subjects (PAI-1 4G/4G: 24.4% vs. 20.4, p = 0.36; t-PA -7351CC: 42.4% vs. 46.0%, p = 0.50). After adjusting for age and gender presence of the PAI-1 4G/4G genotype was associated with a non-significant odds ratio (OR) of 1.21 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.77-1.92, p = 0.41), while homozygosity for the t-PA -7351C allele yielded a non-significant OR of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.62-1.33, p = 0.62) for CSC. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that both the t-PA -7351C > T and the PAI-1 4G/5G gene variants are unlikely major risk factors for CSC.


Subject(s)
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy/genetics , Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/genetics , Adult , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Central Serous Chorioretinopathy/diagnosis , Female , Gene Frequency , Genotyping Techniques , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Visual Acuity/physiology
5.
PLoS One ; 12(12): e0189194, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29244855

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study compares the presence of vitreous hyper-reflective dots (VHDs) detected with optical coherence tomography (OCT) between eyes with pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (CME) and those with no CME after cataract surgery. In addition, we evaluated the impact of VHDs on the responsiveness of pseudophakic CME to cortisone treatment. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, Austria. DESIGN: Retrospective, monocenter case-controlled study. METHODS: Inclusion criteria for the study group and the control group were CME and no CME within 12 weeks following uneventful phacoemulsification in otherwise healthy eyes, respectively. VHDs (number and size) and the macular thickness were assessed with OCT. Furthermore, the number of peribulbar or intravitreal steroid injections was assessed. RESULTS: A total of 284 eyes from 267 patients were analyzed, among which 119 met the inclusion criteria for the study (n = 63) and the control group (n = 56). VHDs were observed in 54 (85.7%) study eyes and 21 (37.5%, p = 0.013) control eyes. The number of VHDs was 3.9±3.4 in the study group and 0.7±1 in the control group (p<0.001). The size of the VHDs was 33.5±9.1 µm and 36.6±17.9 µm in the study and control groups, respectively (p = 0.978). Overall, the number of VHDs correlated with central subfield thickness (r = 0.584, p<0.001), cube volume (r = 0.525, p<0.001), and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (r = -0.563, p<0.001). The number of VHDs did not correlate with the frequency of peribulbar or intravitreal steroid injections. CONCLUSION: VHDs occurred more often in eyes with CME than in eyes without CME following cataract surgery. In addition, the number of VHDs had an impact on the extent of macular thickening and subsequently postoperative BCVA. No correlation was found between the number of VHDs and the frequency of required peribulbar or intravitreal steroid injections.


Subject(s)
Macular Edema/diagnostic imaging , Phacoemulsification , Pseudophakia/diagnostic imaging , Vitreous Body/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Case-Control Studies , Cataract/diagnostic imaging , Cataract/physiopathology , Cortisone/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Intravitreal Injections , Macular Edema/drug therapy , Macular Edema/physiopathology , Macular Edema/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Period , Pseudophakia/drug therapy , Pseudophakia/physiopathology , Pseudophakia/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Visual Acuity/physiology , Vitreous Body/drug effects , Vitreous Body/surgery
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