ABSTRACT
Left ventricular (LV) performance increases during acute exercise, but the mechanisms for this increase are not known. To determine the feasibility of studying echocardiographic indexes of performance and its determinants (preload, afterload, and contractility) during exercise, and to examine changes in these indexes, we tested 24 normal male subjects (aged 21 +/- 5 years) by echocardiography--at rest; at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% maximal oxygen consumption; and immediately, 3 minutes, and 5 minutes after cycle ergometry. The LV performance (shortening fraction), preload (LV end-diastolic dimension), afterload (wall stress), contractility, heart rate, and peak systolic blood pressure were measured. Data could be obtained during 98% of the exercise studies. The LV performance, heart rate, blood pressure, and contractility increased significantly with increasing exercise, reaching peak levels at maximal exercise, and decreased toward resting levels in the post-exercise period. The LV afterload and preload decreased significantly with increasing exercise intensity, reaching nadir levels at maximal exercise, and increased toward resting levels in the post-exercise period. We conclude that echocardiographic measurement of LV performance and its determinants is feasible during exercise. Performance of the LV increases with increasing exercise intensity because of an associated increase in contractility and decrease in afterload. These data will serve as a basis for comparison with those from other patient populations.
Subject(s)
Echocardiography , Myocardial Contraction , Physical Exertion , Ventricular Function, Left , Adult , Blood Pressure , Heart Rate , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
A new 4h rapid enzyme-immunoassay for direct detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) antigen (Du Pont Herpchek) was evaluated with 743 clinical samples collected at obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN), sexually transmitted diseases (STD), and ophthalmology clinics. The sensitivity and specificity of Herpchek was 98.0% and 98.4% respectively compared to virus isolation in cell culture. Confirmatory blocking ELISA tests, clinical history and follow up indicate that the true specificity of the test is 100%.
Subject(s)
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Herpes Simplex/diagnosis , Simplexvirus/isolation & purification , Adult , Antigens, Viral/analysis , Cells, Cultured , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Eye Infections, Viral/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/diagnosisABSTRACT
Fc epsilon R(+) lymphocytes were demonstrated in BALB/c, C57BL/6 and SJL strains of mice by a rosetting technique. The proportion of Fc epsilon R(+) lymphocytes in their spleens was 25 to 33% of the total cells. The majority of the Fc epsilon R(+) cells in the spleen of BALB/c mice were B cells, which also have Fc gamma R. However, after infection of mice with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, a significant proportion of T cells also bore Fc epsilon R. The average number of Fc epsilon R per Fc epsilon R(+) cell in normal BALB/c spleens was 5100. These receptors were saturated with IGE after incubation of the cells with 5 micrograms/ml mouse IgE. The forward rate constant (k1) of the IgE binding to Fc epsilon R on normal B cells was 1.66 X 10(4) M-1 sec-1, while the dissociation rate of IgE from the Fc epsilon R was 1.7 x 10(-4) sec-1. The equilibrium constant between mouse IgE and Fc epsilon R on normal B cells was approximately 0.95 X 10(8)M-1. However, Fc epsilon R on mouse lymphocytes appeared to be heterogeneous with respect to their affinity for IgE. After infection of mice with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, the number of Fc epsilon R per receptor-bearing lymphocyte increased several-fold. The FC epsilon R newly expressed after infection appeared to have a lower affinity for IgE than those present originally.
Subject(s)
B-Lymphocytes/immunology , Immunoglobulin E/metabolism , Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell , Receptors, Fc , Animals , Antibody Affinity , Female , Hookworm Infections/immunology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Nude , Nippostrongylus/immunology , Rats , Rats, Inbred Lew , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell , Rosette FormationSubject(s)
Metalloproteins/analysis , Metallothionein/analysis , Animals , Chromatography, Ion Exchange , Cross Reactions , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Humans , Liver/analysis , Male , Metallothionein/isolation & purification , Rabbits , Radioimmunoassay/methods , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsSubject(s)
Metalloproteins/analysis , Metallothionein/analysis , Radioimmunoassay , Cadmium/blood , Cadmium/urine , Humans , Immune Sera , Metallothionein/urineSubject(s)
Antibodies/analysis , Antibody Formation , Cadmium/immunology , Carrier Proteins/immunology , Metalloproteins/immunology , Metallothionein/immunology , Animals , Binding, Competitive , Carrier Proteins/isolation & purification , Chromatography, Ion Exchange , Electrophoresis, Disc , Immune Sera , Immunodiffusion , Metallothionein/isolation & purification , RatsABSTRACT
Five human subjects inhaled a mixture of stable and radioactive mercury vapor for periods of 14 to 24 minutes. The subjects retained an average of 74% of that inhaled. Evidence is submitted to show that the retention occurred almost entirely in the alveoli. For 3 days after exposure, the exhaled breath was passed at intervals through activated charcoal traps for sampling periods of 10 to 35 minutes. The data indicated that an average of 7% of the retained mercury was lost in the expired breath, with a half time of 18 hours. Examination of the subjects in a whole body counter yielded average half times for mercury clearance from different parts of the body as follows: lung, 1.7 days; head, 21 days; kidney region, 64 days; chest, 43 days; and whole body, 58 days.