ABSTRACT
Trebouxia sp. is a genus of green algae that is a symbiotic partner of lichenized fungi. Previous studies conduced demonstrated that Trebouxia sp. is able to produce galactofuranose-rich polysaccharides (ß-d-galactofuranan, mannogalactofuranan), which were able to activate macrophages in vitro. The present study was proposed to investigate the effects of SK10 polysaccharides fraction from Trebouxia sp. on the model of polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture in mice in vivo. The subcutaneous administration of SK10 increased the late mortality rate by 20%, stimulated neutrophil accumulation in lungs (indirectly measured through myeloperoxidase activity) and also Interleukin-1ß, creatinine and glucose serum levels. Moreover this study demonstrates the in vivo proinflammatory effects of polymers of galactofuranose and that they can act as pathogen-associated molecular patterns being highly recognized by the immune system of mammals, even if they come from a non-pathogenic microorganism.
Subject(s)
Chlorophyta/chemistry , Inflammation/chemically induced , Polysaccharides/toxicity , Sepsis/chemically induced , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Creatinine/blood , Galactose/chemistry , Inflammation/blood , Interleukin-1beta/blood , Lung/drug effects , Lung/pathology , Male , Mice , Neutrophils/drug effects , Neutrophils/metabolism , Neutrophils/pathology , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Sepsis/blood , Sepsis/mortality , Sesquiterpenes/chemistry , Sesquiterpenes/toxicity , Survival RateABSTRACT
The fucogalactan from Agaricus bisporus (EFP-Ab) obtained on aqueous extraction followed by purification had M(w) 37.1 × 10(4)g mol(-1) relative to a (1â6)-linked α-D-Galp main-chain partially methylated at HO-3, and partially substituted at O-2 by nonreducing end-units of α-L-Fucp or ß-d-Galp. EFP-Ab also inhibited significantly the neurogenic and inflammatory phases of formalin-induced licking, however, the antinociceptive effect was more pronounced against the inflammatory phase with ID(50) of 36.0 (25.8-50.3)mg kg(-1). In addition, EFP-Ab decreased the lethality induced by CLP. Its administration reduced the late mortality rate by 40%, prevented neutrophil accumulation in lungs and markedly decreased iNOS and COX-2 protein expression by ileum cells. These data show for the first time that EFP-Ab has significant anti-sepsis, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions, which seems to be related to the decreased iNOS and COX-2 expression. Collectively, the present results demonstrate that EFP-Ab could constitute an attractive molecule of interest for the development of new drugs.
Subject(s)
Agaricus/chemistry , Fungal Polysaccharides , Galactans , Inflammation , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacokinetics , Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism , Formaldehyde/toxicity , Fungal Polysaccharides/chemistry , Fungal Polysaccharides/isolation & purification , Fungal Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Galactans/chemistry , Galactans/isolation & purification , Galactans/pharmacokinetics , Humans , Inflammation/chemically induced , Inflammation/drug therapy , Mice , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism , Pain/chemically induced , Pain/drug therapy , Sepsis/drug therapyABSTRACT
Eugenia uniflora, referred to as Pitanga cherry shrub, is largely distributed in tropical and subtropical America. This plant is cultivated in many countries and it is suitable for the production of juice, frozen pulp, and tea. Besides, it can be used as treatment for inflammatory diseases. We reported that a flavonoid-rich fraction (HE-Bu) obtained from leaves decreased the lethality induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), a clinically relevant model of sepsis. The oral administration of HE-Bu reduced the late mortality rate by 30%, prevented neutrophil accumulation in lungs, decreased TNF-α and IL-1ß serum levels, and markedly decreased iNOS and COX-2 protein expression by ileum cells. Chemical investigation showed myricetin and quercetin rhamnosides as the major components of this fraction. The results showed that HE-Bu protected mice from sepsis and indicated that this edible plant produces compounds that could be considered as potential adjuvants for sepsis treatment.
