Factors Related to Non-participation in the Basque Country Colorectal Cancer Screening Programme.

Background: Despite the high participation rates in the Basque Country, colorectal cancer screening programme (Spain), there is still a part of the population that has never participated. Since it is essential to ensure equal access to health services, it is necessary to identify the determinants of health and socio-economic factors related to non-participation in the screening programme. Methods: Cross sectional descriptive study including all invited population in a complete round between 2015 and the first trimester of 2017. Health risk factors available in medical records and their control have been analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: 515,388 people were invited at the programme with a 71.9% of fecal immunochemical test participation rate. Factors that increase the risk of non-participation are: being men (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.09-1.12); younger than 60 (OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.17-1.20); smoker (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.18-1.22); hypertensive (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.12-1.15) and diabetic (OR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.36-1.43); having severe comorbidity (OR = 2.09, 95% CI 2.00-2.19) and very high deprivation (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.12-1.17), as well as making <6 appointments to Primary Care in 3 years (OR = 2.39, 95% CI 2.33-2.45). Still, the area under the curve (AUC) indicates that there are more factors related to non-participation. Conclusions: The participation in the Basque Country colorectal cancer-screening Programme is related to some risk factors controlled by Primary Care among others. Therefore, the involvement of these professionals could improve, not only the adherence to the CRC screening, but also other health styles and preventive interventions.

Assessment of microplastic toxicity to embryonic development of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea).

Apart from the physiological impacts on marine organisms caused by ingesting microplastics, the toxicity caused by substances leaching from these particles into the environment requires investigation. To understand this potential risk, we evaluated the toxicity of virgin (raw) and beach-stranded plastic pellets to the development of embryos of Lytechinus variegatus, simulating transfers of chemical compounds to interstitial water and water column by assays of pellet-water interface and elutriate, respectively. Both assays showed that virgin pellets had toxic effects, increasing anomalous embryonic development by 58.1% and 66.5%, respectively. The toxicity of stranded pellets was lower than virgin pellets, and was observed only for pellet-water interface assay. These results show that (i) plastic pellets act as a vector of pollutants, especially for plastic additives found on virgin particles; and that (ii) the toxicity of leached chemicals from pellets depends on the exposure pathway and on the environmental compartment in which pellets accumulate.

Aspectos clinicos do alongamento: uma revisao de literatura / Clinical aspects of stretching: A literature review

Embora os exercicios de alongamento sejam muito usados na Fisioterapia para corrigir ou prevenir desvios posturais, a literatura apresenta alguns pontos controversos. Foi realizada uma revisao de literatura com o objetivo de organizar e discutir as publicacoes mais recentes sobre alongamento quanto ao tipo, ao ganho de sarcomeros e viscoelasticidade, ao tempo de duracao, a revencao de lesoes e a influencia na postura. Foi possivel concluir que as melhores opcoes sao o alongamento estatico segmentar, o global e a facilitacao proprioceptiva neuromuscular; como efeito imediato do alongamento, o ganho de amplitude de movimento se deve a diminuicao da viscoelasticidade, mas apos um periodo de treinamento, deve-se ao ganho de sarcomeros em serie; para alongamentos estaticos segmentares decurta duracao em musculos saudaveis, o tempo ideal de alongamento esta em torno de 30 segundos; e segundo os estudos, o alongamento feito antes de uma atividade nao previne lesoes. Ha muitas divergencias nos resultados dos diferentes estudos, o que sugere a necessidade de padronizacao na smetodologias de futuros estudos

Schizophrenia: impact of positive symptoms on gender social role.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted at one public and one private schizophrenia outpatient setting in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in order to study gender differences in social disabilities. Sixty-nine patients who fulfilled DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia were assessed by means of Brazilian versions of PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) and DAS (Disability Assessment Scale). Males presented an earlier onset of the disease and were less likely to have ever married. With respect to social disabilities, males fared worse than females on three items of DAS: self-care, under-activity and work performance. The adjusted scores of Section 1 (Overall Behavior) and Section 2 (Social Role Performance) were submitted to multiple regression analysis using the variables of sex, age of onset, age at examination, educational level, number of psychiatric admissions and the total scores of the positive and negative syndromes. Three variables explained a substantial part (45%) of the variance of overall behavior. These three were sex, age at examination, and negative syndrome total score. The higher the negative syndrome total score, the greater the disabilities for both sexes. Three variables explained 38% of the variance of social role performance. These were sex, negative symptoms and an interaction between sex and positive symptoms. The higher the negative syndrome total score, the greater the role impairment, regardless of sex. In women, but not in men, we found that the higher the positive syndrome total score, the greater the impairment in social role performance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)