[Immune system status under effect of low levels of ionizing radiation:studies within the 10 kilometer zone of accident at Chernobyl nuclear plant]. / Sostoianie immunnoi sistemy pri vozdeistvii malykh urovnei ioniziruiushchei radiatsii: issledovaniia v 10-kilometrovoi zone avarii na ChAES.

A study was made of the influence of high radiation contamination within the ten-kilometer zone of Chernobyl disaster on the structure and function of the immune system of (DBA x C57B1)F1 and DBA mice. The cumulative radiation doses with respect to gamma-radiation, were 0.024, 0.168 and 0.336 Gy. T-lymphocyte proliferation was shown the be activated with all radiation doses mentioned above but with doses of 0.024 and 0.168 Gy, helper T lymphocytes, and with 0.336 Gy, suppressor N-lymphocytes were primarily activated. So, in the former case, some effector functions of the immunity were activated, and in the latter, inhibited. It is concluded that certain hyperstimulation of the lymphoid cell formation (including the increase in T-suppressors), that is induced by long-term exposure to low-level radiation, triggers the mechanisms of autonomous regulation of the system that suppress the radiation-induced lymphocyte proliferation and inhibit the effector functions of the immunity.

[A possible role of neuroimmunoendocrine interactions and development of post-irradiation pathology]. / Vozmozhnaia rol' neiroimmunoéndokrinnykh vzaimootnoshenii i formirovanii postluchevoi patologii.

On the basis of the literature a postulate is proposed that the immune system contributes to regulating the intensity and direction of endocrine and nervous system functions in normal conditions and after the effect of ionizing radiation. The role of neuroimmunoendocrine interactions and their impairment in the realization of stochastic and nonstochastic sequelae of irradiation at various levels of radiation affecting the organism under normal conditions and in a combination with other unfavourable factors.

[The intercellular interactions in the interphase death of irradiated thymocytes. A study of the influence of different cells on thymocyte interphase death]. / Mezhkletochnye vzaimodeistviia pri interfaznoi gibeli obluchennykh timotsitov. Issledovanie vliiania razlichnykh kletok na interfaznuiu gibel' timotsitov.

The influence of different cells on death and pycnosis of thymocyte nuclei after in vitro irradiation has been investigated. It has been shown that the removal from the thymocyte suspension of cells, having the activity of natural killers, medullar thymocytes, and macrophages, does not influence the radiation-induced damage to cortical thymocytes. The injury of exposed thymocytes decreases, however, after incubation them with nonirradiated thymocytes or cultured cells, the efficiency of the latter being dependent on the type of cells. The data obtained may indicate that the exposed thymocytes interact with each other and exchange some factors that promote their injury.

[Epithelial canaliculi of the thymus gland--thymosin-dependent structures]. / Epitelial'nye kanal'tsy vilochkovoi zhelezy--timozinzavisimye struktury.

The morphology peculiarities of thymus epithelial canals of 120 Wistar-line rats with thymosin have been observed. Thymosin-5 introduction during 3 days after birth in the dosage of 50 g proved to eliminate the epithelial canals of rat thymus in 3, 7 days of the postnatal period. In this period the epithelial canals have been found in thymus of all intact and control physiological solution injected rats. In 14, 30 days after birth the epithelial canals in experimental rats are found more often than in control ones. Thus, for the first time the evidence of thymosin-dependent characteristics of thymus epithelial canals has been obtained. The possible influence of epithelial canals on the regulation of T-forerunners entrance thymus has been discussed.

[Disorders of the hormonal and immune status of patients with newly detected diabetes mellitus]. / Narusheniia gormonal'nogo i immunnogo statusa u bol'nykh s vpervye vyiavlennym sakharnym diabetom.

A study is presented of C-peptide, free and bound insulin, blood serum euglobulins, A, M, G immunoglobulins, circulating immune complexes, insulin antibodies and heterophilic hemagglutinins in 22 patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus and in 29 healthy donors. It was established that at the early stage of diabetes mellitus the peripheral blood showed significant amounts of bound insulin as insulin-anti-insulin antibody complexes.

[Anti-insulin antibodies and circulating immune complexes in patients with diabetes mellitus]. / Antiinsulinovye antitela i tsikuliruyushchie immunnye kompleksy u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

The authors presented the results of a study of the levels of circulating immune complexes and antiinsulin antibodies in patients with diabetes mellitus with regard to the main clinical characteristics of disease. The level of immune complexes was shown to reflect the gravity of disease and a degree of renal and reticular vascular lesion. This relationship was most noticeable in patients with type I and type II diabetes mellitus on insulin therapy. In 30-40% of patients with diabetic microangiopathies of different sites an increase in the content of immune complexes was undetectable.

[Concentration of anti-brain antibodies in the blood of patients with diffuse toxic goiter and thyrotoxic encephalopathy]. / Soderzhanie protivomozgovykh antitel v krovi bol'nykh diffuznym toksicheskom zobom i tireotoksicheskoi éntsefalopatiei.

The content of anticerebral antibodies was studied in the peripheral blood of 10 healthy persons, 42 patients with diffuse toxic goiter and 25 patients with thyrotoxic encephalopathy. It was determined by a method of passive hemagglutination using a human brain protein extract as an antigen. In the healthy persons antibodies to cerebral antigens were undetectable whereas in 24 of 42 patients with diffuse toxic goiter without signs of the nervous system involvement they were detected (log2 titer--2.3 +/- 0.36). Most of them had polyvalent allergy, thyrotoxicosis recurrence or neuroinfection. Anticerebral antibodies were detected in 88% of the patients with thyrotoxic encephalopathy and their titer (5.6 +/- 0.66) significantly exceeded that in the patients with diffuse toxic goiter without encephalopathy. A possible reason for the appearance of anticerebral antibodies in patients was discussed. The autoimmune nature of thyrotoxic encephalopathy was assumed.

[Levels of immune complexes in the blood of patients with thyrotoxicosis]. / Soderzhanie immunnykh kompleksov v krovi bol'nykh tireotoksikozom.

According to the present-day concepts a significant role in the development of thyrotoxicosis is played by autoimmune mechanisms, therefore a study of the problem of the content and role of the circulating immune complexes (IC) in this pathology is of interest. The IC amount was determined in the peripheral blood of 82 patients with thyrotoxicosis using precipitation with polyethylene glycol (mol. m. 6000). An elevated amount of the circulating IC was marked in 75% of the patients. Correlation between the IC content in the peripheral blood, the patients' age and the duration of disease was revealed. No variations of the indices with relation to the disease severity and duration were noted. The absence of the positive time-course of the signs determining the IC amount during thyrostatic therapy necessitates the incorporation of immunomodulators in multimodality therapy in thyrotoxicosis.

[Blood serum proteins in diabetes mellitus. Euglobulin level]. / Belki syvorotki krovi pri sakharnom diabete. Issledovanie euglobulinov.

Some physicochemical and immunochemical properties of blood serum euglobulins were studied in patients with diabetes mellitus with different degree of vascular lesions. Euglobulins were isolated from blood serum of normal subjects and diabetes mellitus patients by precipitation in low ionic strength dialyzing solution. As a result two euglobulin subfractions were obtained: soluble and insoluble in an isotonic saline. To study euglobulins, use was made of radioimmunoassay, gel filtration, and radial immunodiffusion. The data obtained indicate that patients with diabetes mellitus showed a significant increase in euglobulin content in both subfractions (P less than 0.001). Besides, the insoluble subfraction demonstrated a new protein component with a molecular mass about 265000 dalton, uncommon to healthy donors. There was a dramatic increase (P less than 0.0001) in the amount of euglobulin bound insulin, an insignificant part of which was combined with insulin antibodies and greater part with unidentified euglobulin components. The changes in the physicochemical and immunochemical properties of serum globulins in diabetes mellitus patients correlated with the gravity of vascular lesions as regards the majority of the parameters. It is concluded that these changes are possibly involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic angiopathies.

[Effect of a low-molecular humoral factor of the thymus gland on the lymphocyte sensitivity to phytohemagglutinin]. / Vliianie nizkomolekuliarnogo gumoral-nogo faktora timusa na chuvstvitel'nost' limfotsitov k fitogemaggliutininu.

The preincubation of mouse spleen lymphocytes with a low molecular lymphocytosis-stimulating substance from the thymus (LSS), or the addition of the LSS to the cultures caused inhibition of the mitotic response of lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). LSS induced transformation of murine thymocytes to the blast cells capable of mitotic division. This transformation was depressed by PHA. The lymphocytes of the mice injected LSS in vivo responded weakly to PHA at first, but in 5 days a significant intensification on the response to PHA was observed. It is concluded that LSS may activate the T-cells responding to PHA.