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1.
Med Pharm Rep ; 94(3): 377-381, 2021 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34430862

ABSTRACT

Primary malignant lymphomas of the lacrimal sac are rare neoplasms. They are mainly B-cell lymphoma with nonspecific and atypical symptoms, which can lead to misdiagnosis and a delay in the appropriate cure. Early diagnosis made by biopsy and the right choice of treatments can increase the chance of survival. We report a case of a non-Hodgkin diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the lacrimal sac, involving also the drainage system, in a 77-year-old female. She presented with an epiphora, swelling and a heavy visual impairment at the left eye successfully treated with cycles of polychemotherapy and radiotherapy.

2.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) ; 91(6): 851-859, 2019 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31483883

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Fine needle cytology (FNC) is the first-line diagnostic method to determine the benign or malignant nature of thyroid nodules. The gray zone of cytological classifications remains, however, a crucial and challenging area for cytopathologists. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS: In the present study, 141 thyroid cytological samples, with ultrasonographic suspicious features, have been prospectively analysed. Molecular analyses were performed by an innovative technology using two multiplex PCRs for the amplification of BRAF, N-H-K-RAS and RET exon genes. RNA samples were studied for RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 rearrangements by PCR amplification, and the conditions were set-up to study, with a single experiment, both wild-type PAX8 and PAX8/PPARÉ£ rearrangements. In total, 111 samples were examined for BRAF, N-H-KRAS and RET genes. An ultrasonographic, cytological and molecular correlation was also carried out in an attempt to suggest a possible way to manage the patients with thyroid nodules. Cyto-histological correlation was available in 115 cases, and it was used to verify the global diagnostic accuracy of this combined approach. RESULTS: According to the histopathological diagnosis, FNC accuracy was 100% for TIR5 and metastases; 89% for TIR4; 84% for TIR3A and 58% for TIR3B. About 11% of the studied samples showed either RET-PTC1 or RET/PTC3 chromosomal rearrangements, and only one sample simultaneously presented RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 rearrangements. PAX8/PPARÉ£ rearrangement was found in 6% of the samples. CONCLUSIONS: A multidisciplinary approach to the thyroid is therefore necessary to develop innovative methods suitable for an improved diagnostic and prognostic definition of thyroid cancer.


Subject(s)
Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis , Thyroid Nodule/diagnostic imaging , Thyroid Nodule/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , DNA Mutational Analysis , Exons/genetics , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , PAX8 Transcription Factor/genetics , Prospective Studies , Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics , Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/diagnosis , Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/diagnostic imaging , Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/genetics , Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics , Thyroid Nodule/genetics , Young Adult
3.
Cancers (Basel) ; 11(5)2019 May 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31137568

ABSTRACT

Hox genes (HOX in humans), an evolutionary preserved gene family, are key determinants of embryonic development and cell memory gene program. Hox genes are organized in four clusters on four chromosomal loci aligned in 13 paralogous groups based on sequence homology (Hox gene network). During development Hox genes are transcribed, according to the rule of "spatio-temporal collinearity", with early regulators of anterior body regions located at the 3' end of each Hox cluster and the later regulators of posterior body regions placed at the distal 5' end. The onset of 3' Hox gene activation is determined by Wingless-type MMTV integration site family (Wnt) signaling, whereas 5' Hox activation is due to paralogous group 13 genes, which act as posterior-inhibitors of more anterior Hox proteins (posterior prevalence). Deregulation of HOX genes is associated with developmental abnormalities and different human diseases. Paralogous HOX13 genes (HOX A13, HOX B13, HOX C13 and HOX D13) also play a relevant role in tumor development and progression. In this review, we will discuss the role of paralogous HOX13 genes regarding their regulatory mechanisms during carcinogenesis and tumor progression and their use as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

4.
J Cell Physiol ; 234(1): 395-413, 2018 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30132877

ABSTRACT

HOX genes are involved with normal development, cell identity, cell differentiation, cell metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy as well as with diseases such as tumor pathogenesis and progression. In particular, the genes belonging to HOX paralogous 13 seem to carry out a relevant role in both tumor development and disease progression. In recent years, several noncoding RNAs (ncRNA) sequences have been identified in HOX loci, including long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA), highly conserved during evolution. Many studies have shown that specific intergenic ncRNAs in HOX loci could directly modulate HOX genes expression in normal and pathological conditions. In the present review we attempt to describe the role of these ncRNAs, through the regulation of the HOX gene network, in normal cell biology, and, with particular emphasis, in diseases such as in cancer pathogenesis and progression.


Subject(s)
Genes, Homeobox/genetics , MicroRNAs/genetics , Neoplasms/genetics , RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics , Cell Differentiation/genetics , Disease Progression , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics , Humans , Neoplasms/pathology
5.
Curr Drug Targets ; 19(10): 1220-1226, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28641521

ABSTRACT

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) molecules affect gene and protein expression and generate genetic variability influencing the risk of tumor diseases. HOTAIR locates at the heart of the cell memory gene program and represents a prototype of long non coding RNA (LncRNA) due to its capacity to regulate in-trans a distant chromosome landscape. Aberrant expression of HOTAIR is frequently associated with pathogenesis and mostly with metastatic progression of several human cancers. Different polymorphisms, particularly present in intronic sequences, as well as in promoter regions of HOTAIR, are often associated with its aberrant expression, patient prognosis, and cancer susceptibility in different tumor phenotypes. In this minireview, we have summarized the main SNPs in HOTAIR sequence and their relation with cancer risk in several types of solid tumors.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Neoplasms/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Disease Progression , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Humans , Male , Neoplasms/metabolism , Neoplasms/pathology , Phenotype , RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors
6.
Int J Med Sci ; 14(6): 554-559, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28638271

ABSTRACT

The gold standard for the detection of urothelial carcinoma is represented by urethro-cystoscopy and biopsy. Both procedures are invasive and expensive and therefore cytology is often used as first approach to investigate on a possible neoplasia, being a safe and cost-effective diagnostic modality of evaluation. Because cytology alone is not highly sensitive for detection of low grade urothelial carcinoma and recurrence of the disease, several adjunct markers and urine based tests for urothelial carcinoma have been developed, which can help in the final diagnosis. In particular, ProEx C is an immunohistochemical cocktail containing antibodies direct against topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) and minichromosome maintenance 2 (MCM2) proteins. It proved to be a valid biomarker especially in detecting squamous intraepithelial lesions in cervical liquid-based samples and in discerning these lesions from their mimickers, as well as in ovarian, endometrial, vulvar, primary and metastatic melanomas, breast, pancreatic and renal cell carcinomas. This brief review covers the effective utility of ProEx C as adjunct tool in assessing the urothelial lesions in urine cytology, also providing prognostic and therapeutic information to help in clinical decisions.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/genetics , Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2/genetics , Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins/genetics , Urologic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Antibodies/immunology , Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology , Cytodiagnosis , DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/immunology , Female , Humans , Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2/immunology , Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins/immunology , Prognosis , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Urologic Neoplasms/genetics , Urologic Neoplasms/pathology , Vaginal Smears
7.
Endocr Pathol ; 28(3): 187-197, 2017 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28639242

ABSTRACT

Fine needle cytology (FNC) is a crucial procedure in the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid tumors. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), in its classic variant (cPTC), is the most common malignant neoplasm of the thyroid. Several histological variants of PTC have been described, each one with its own characteristics and prognosis. The ability of FNC to identify the variants represents a challenge even for a skilled pathologist. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic cytological accuracy of FNC in PTC and to look for specific features that could predict the different variants. This was a single center prospective study on 128 patients who received a diagnosis of PTC on FNC. The smears were blindly reviewed by two cytopathologists to create a frequency score (0, 1, 2, 3) of the features for each variant. The cytological parameters were divided into three groups: architectural, nucleo-cytoplasmic, and background features. Univariate analysis was performed by chi-square test with Yates correction and Fisher exact test as appropriate. Multiple regression analysis was performed among the variables correlated at the linear correlation. The correlation study between cytology and histology showed an accuracy of FNC in classic, follicular, and oncocytic PTC variants of 63.5, 87.5, and 87% respectively. Familiarity with cytological features may allow an early diagnosis of a given PTC variant on FNC samples. This is fundamental in a preoperative evaluation for the best surgical approach and subsequent treatment.


Subject(s)
Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Carcinoma, Papillary/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology , Cytodiagnosis , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biopsy, Fine-Needle/methods , Child , Cytodiagnosis/methods , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Thyroid Cancer, Papillary , Young Adult
8.
Oncotarget ; 8(30): 50240-50251, 2017 Jul 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28445135

ABSTRACT

Prostate cancer is the second highest cause of cancer mortality after lung tumours. In USA it affects about 2.8 million men and the incidence increases with age in many countries. Therefore, early diagnosis is a very important step for patient clinical evaluation and for a selective and efficient therapy. The study of miRNAs' functions and molecular mechanisms has brought new knowledge in biological processes of cancer. In prostate cancer there is a deregulation of several miRNAs that may function as tumour suppressors or oncogenes. The aim of this review is to analyze the progress made to our understanding of the role of miRNA dysregulation in prostate cancer tumourigenesis.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Genes, Tumor Suppressor/physiology , MicroRNAs/genetics , Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics , Humans , Male , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
9.
Oncotarget ; 8(21): 35376-35389, 2017 May 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28430640

ABSTRACT

Prostate cancer is a main urological disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy are potentially curative for localized prostate cancer, while androgen deprivation therapy is the initial systemic therapy for metastatic prostate disease. However, despite temporary response, most patients relapse and evolve into castration resistant cancer.Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex gradual process that occurs during embryonic development and/or tumor progression. During this process, cells lose their epithelial characteristics and acquire mesenchymal features. Increasing evidences indicate that EMT promotes prostate cancer metastatic progression and it is closely correlated with increased stemness and drug resistance.In this review, we discuss the main molecular events that directly or indirectly govern the EMT program in prostate cancer, in order to better define the role and the mechanisms underlying this process in prostate cancer progression and therapeutic resistance.


Subject(s)
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Disease Progression , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Humans , Male , Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
10.
Cancer Cytopathol ; 125(5): 303-312, 2017 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28195686

ABSTRACT

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) status analysis of lung cytological specimens should be successfully encouraged in routine practice because biopsy specimens are not always available. To date, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved both fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) as diagnostic tests for identifying ALK-positive patients eligible for treatment with crizotinib. Although ALK IHC is an optimal diagnostic tool, FISH becomes mandatory in equivocal cases. ALK FISH of paraffin-embedded tissue material is still the gold standard, whereas the cytological specimen assay has not yet been completely standardized. Many controversial data have been reported on the adequacy of cytology cell blocks (CBs) versus conventional smears for FISH testing. This review discusses some critical issues related to ALK FISH of cytological samples, including the triaging of collected specimens to optimize the material, the use of CBs versus conventional smears, and alternative methods for an ALK rearrangement diagnosis. Conventional smears have the advantages of an immediate evaluation, no probe tissue-related artifactual loss, no fixation-related alterations, and usually sufficient material for an analytic preparation. On the other hand, CBs have several advantages, including the appropriate conservation of the tissue architecture, an absence of problems related to cell overlapping, and the ability to evaluate neoplastic cells in a dark field. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:303-312. © 2017 American Cancer Society.


Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/genetics , Gene Rearrangement , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics , Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis , Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy , Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase , Crizotinib , Cytodiagnosis/methods , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Paraffin Embedding , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Pyrazoles/therapeutic use , Pyridines/therapeutic use , Specimen Handling
11.
J Cell Physiol ; 232(12): 3422-3432, 2017 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28067428

ABSTRACT

The molecular mechanisms responsible for the metastatic progression of melanoma have not been fully defined yet. We have recently shown that an important role in this process is certainly played by HOX genes, whose regulation is under control of particular non-coding RNAs, some of which are present within the HOX locus. HOTAIR is the most studied among them, whose aberrant expression is associated with the metastatic progression of many malignancies. The aim of this study was to verify the role played by HOTAIR in metastatic progression of melanoma and to evaluate the circulating levels of HOTAIR in the blood of patients with metastatic melanoma. A series of melanocytic lesions were selected to evaluate the potential changes in the expression of HOTAIR during the evolution of the disease through in situ and molecular approaches. None of the benign melanocytic lesions showed the presence of HOTAIR. The staining of HOTAIR resulted very weak in the primary pT1 lesions, while it was very strong in all pairs of primary tissues and corresponding metastases. Surprisingly, we found the presence of HOTAIR in some intratumoral lymphocytes, while this positivity decreased in lymphocyte component further away from the tumor. HOTAIR was also detected in the serum of selected metastatic patients. These data allowed us to speculate on the fundamental role played by HOTAIR in tumor evolution of melanoma. Its presence in intratumoral lymphocytes might suggest that its involvement in the modulation of tumor microenvironment and the detection in the serum could be used in the management of melanoma patients.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/blood , Melanoma/blood , RNA, Long Noncoding/blood , Skin Neoplasms/blood , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , In Situ Hybridization , Lymphatic Metastasis , Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism , Male , Melanoma/genetics , Melanoma/secondary , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Skin Neoplasms/genetics , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Tumor Microenvironment
12.
Curr Drug Targets ; 18(1): 27-34, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26648066

ABSTRACT

In the recent years the importance of the role played by non-coding RNA on the regulation of gene expression was increased by numerous studies. The research mainly focused on small ncRNAs, such as miRNAs, while the functions of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) have been much less studied. lncRNAs can be transcribed from intergenic, intragenic or specific chromosomal regions. Compared to miRNAs, lncRNAs have a complex secondary and tertiary structure which allows to bind proteins, RNA, DNA and to carry out their regulatory functions. Several studies showed that extracellular ncRNAs can circulate in the blood of both healthy and diseased patients. Most of the circulating ncRNAs are included in lipid or lipoprotein vesicles, such as apoptotic bodies, macrovesicles or exosomes, in which they are highly stable. The presence of circulating ncRNAs in the blood of cancer patients versus normal subjects suggested the possibility that these molecules may represent new diagnostic markers. HOTAIR is a HOX transcript antisense RNA, located in the HOXC locus, able to repress transcription in the posterior region of the HOXD locus. HOTAIR has been involved in the evolution of several primary tumors, wherein increase of HOTAIR expression has endorsed invasion and metastasis. In this review, we describe the experimental evidences on the potential role as circulating marker of lncRNA HOTAIR.


Subject(s)
Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods , Neoplasms/pathology , RNA, Long Noncoding/blood , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Cell Proliferation , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Humans , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neoplasms/genetics , Prognosis , RNA, Long Noncoding/antagonists & inhibitors
13.
Intractable Rare Dis Res ; 5(1): 36-41, 2016 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26989647

ABSTRACT

Castleman's disease (CD) is an unusual inflammatory lymphoproliferative disorder of uncertain aetiology, mainly involving lymphatic tissue in the mediastinum, but also occurring in the neck, lung, abdomen, pelvis, skeletal muscle and retroperitoneum. Fine Needle Cytology (FNC) is a quick, cost-effective and safe diagnostic modality to investigate on organs involved by CD, also providing a guide to treatment and management of patients with lymphoadenopathy. We report a case of a 44-year-old man who underwent FNC of a submandibular mass with subsequent surgical excision. Cytology revealed an atypical lymphoproliferative process, which arose the suspicion of CD. Histopathological study of the excised masses combined with immunhistochemistry and imaging of the submandibular and neck areas, confirmed the suspicion. A final diagnosis of Unicentric Castleman's disease, hyaline-vascular type, was made.

14.
Endocr Pathol ; 26(3): 243-9, 2015 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25982258

ABSTRACT

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an uncommon neuroendocrine small cell tumor derived from the transformation of the homonymous cells in the basal layer of the epidermis. MCC has a generally aggressive course, with a high tendency for local recurrence, lymph node involvement, and distant metastasis. Fine needle cytology (FNC) and immunocytochemistry were used as diagnostic procedures for 22 cases of MCC presented at our institute. All cases of MCC were successfully diagnosed on FNC. Among all of the monoclonal antisera used (CD56, CK20, CK MNF116, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), synaptophysin, and chromogranin), NSE and CD56 showed the highest frequency of positivity. The accuracy of the cytological diagnosis was 100% compared to the corresponding previous or subsequent pathological diagnoses. FNC and immunocytochemistry represent excellent and accurate diagnostic methods to distinguish MCC from other small-cell malignant entities.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/metabolism , Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/metabolism , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Cohort Studies , Cytodiagnosis , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neuroendocrine Tumors/metabolism , Neuroendocrine Tumors/pathology
15.
Diagn Cytopathol ; 43(8): 654-8, 2015 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25995191

ABSTRACT

Multiple dermal cylindromas and membranous basal cell adenoma of parotid gland in a 67-year-old woman with Brooke-Spiegler syndrome (BSS) were examined by fine-needle cytology. Histology, immunochemistry, and CYLD germline mutation testing were also performed. Cytomorphology and immunochemistry of the two lesions showed basaloid neoplasms, remarkably similar, composed by proliferating epithelial cells of basal type accompanied by a smaller proportion of myoepithelial cells. CYLD gene showed a novel germline splice acceptor site mutation (c.2042-1G>C) with skipping of the entire exon 15. The occurrence of analogous tumors, dermal cylindromas, and membranous basal cell adenoma of the parotid gland, in the same patient may result from the action of a single gene on ontogenetically similar stem cells. Therefore, patients with BSS should be offered a genetic counselling for an early and correct diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Adenoma/diagnosis , Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary/diagnosis , Parotid Neoplasms/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics , Adenoma/genetics , Adenoma/pathology , Aged , Base Sequence , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Deubiquitinating Enzyme CYLD , Female , Gene Expression , Germ-Line Mutation , Histocytochemistry , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary/genetics , Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary/pathology , Parotid Gland/metabolism , Parotid Gland/pathology , Parotid Neoplasms/genetics , Parotid Neoplasms/pathology , Skin/metabolism , Skin/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/genetics , Skin Neoplasms/pathology
16.
Endocr Pathol ; 26(2): 140-4, 2015 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25771987

ABSTRACT

Fine-needle cytology (FNC) is frequently used to diagnose thyroid nodules discovered by palpation or imaging studies. Molecular tests on FNC material may increase its diagnostic accuracy. We report a case of a classic papillary thyroid carcinoma combined with a mucoepidermoid carcinoma correctly identified on FNC. The papillary component had a classic immunophenotype (CK19+, TTF1+), while the mucoepidermoid one was only focally CK19+. Point mutations (BRAF and RAS) and rearrangements (RET/PTC) of the papillary component have been also investigated on FNC samples, with resulting concurrent rearrangements of RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3, but no point mutations. The histogenesis of combined papillary and mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thyroid still remains partly unsettled, and further genomic studies are needed to shed some more light on this peculiar neoplasm.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/diagnosis , Carcinoma/diagnosis , Mixed Tumor, Malignant/diagnosis , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adult , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Carcinoma/metabolism , Carcinoma/pathology , Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/metabolism , Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/pathology , Carcinoma, Papillary , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Mixed Tumor, Malignant/metabolism , Mixed Tumor, Malignant/pathology , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques , Thyroid Cancer, Papillary , Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
17.
Diagn Cytopathol ; 43(1): 57-9, 2015 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24995825

ABSTRACT

Silicone lymphadenopathy is a recognized complication of breast augmentation. It is thought to occur when silicone droplets migrate from breast implants to lymph nodes. We report the cytologic findings in axillary and inguinal lymph node aspirate smears from a 35-year-old Italian woman, who came to our observation 10 years after bilateral cosmetic breast augmentation. A fine-needle cytology of the axillary lymph node showed extensive granulomatous inflammation, numerous histiocytes, and multinucleated giant cells containing star-shaped structures known as "asteroid bodies." The inguinal lymph node aspirate simply showed an aspecific reactive hyperplasia. No evidence of malignancy was present in any of the smears as well as in the excised axillary lymph node.


Subject(s)
Breast Implantation/adverse effects , Lymphatic Diseases/pathology , Silicone Gels/adverse effects , Adult , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Female , Humans , Lymphatic Diseases/etiology , Silicone Gels/therapeutic use
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