ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To assess safety, pathologic response rate, and long-term oncologic outcomes of radical prostatectomy (RP) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy using reduced-dose docetaxel without androgen-deprivation therapy in prostate cancer (PCa) patients of intermediate- and high-risk groups. METHODS: Forty-four patients with PCa (PSA > 10 ng/ml, Gleason score 7 or more, or clinical stage cT2c or more) were included with a median follow-up of 11.4 years after RP. One group (NCT/RP) received neoadjuvant treatment 3-weekly with docetaxel (36 mg/m(2) for up to six cycles, 21 patients), the other (control) group (RP, 23 patients) received RP only. RESULTS: Toxicities were mild with grade 3 events not exceeding 10%. A statistically significant reduction of PSA > 50% post-chemotherapy was observed in 52.4% cases. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) was 90% in the NCT/RP group and 60.9% in the RP group (P = 0.042). The biochemical recurrence-free survival was 68.5% in the NCT/RP and 37.7% in the RP groups; overall survival was 75.5% and 54.6%, respectively (both P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy before RP in a selected regimen and dose represents a safe strategy and results in benefits in CSS. Given the limitations of the study, this concept should be evaluated in large, prospective, controlled studies. Prostate 76: 1345-1352, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
