ABSTRACT
The present study aimed to characterize the chlorogenic acid (ChlA) capacity to reverse the toxic effects induced by ochratoxin A (OTA) in a subacute toxicity test in rats. Male Wistar rats were fed orally by gavage for 28 days with OTA (0.4mg/kg bw/day), ChlA (5mg/kg bw/day) or the combination OTA (0.4mg/kg bw/day)+ChlA (5mg/kg bw/day). No deaths, no decrease in feed intake or body weight in any experimental group were recorded. The negative control group and the animals treated with ChlA alone showed no changes in any parameters evaluated. In OTA-treated group significant changes such as decrease in urine volume, proteinuria, occult blood, increase in serum creatinine values; decrease in absolute and relative kidney weight and characteristics histopathological lesions that indicated kidney damage were observed. However, limited effect on oxidative stress parameters were detected in kidneys of OTA-treated group. Animals treated with the combination OTA+ChlA were showed as negative control group in the evaluation of several parameters of toxicity. In conclusion, ChlA, at given concentration, improved biochemical parameters altered in urine and serum and pathological damages in kidneys induced by OTA exposure, showing a good protective activity, but not by an apparent antioxidant mechanism.
Subject(s)
Carcinogens/toxicity , Hydroxybenzoates/pharmacology , Ochratoxins/toxicity , Protective Agents/pharmacology , Animals , Kidney/drug effects , Male , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Toxicity Tests, ChronicABSTRACT
The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of luteolin (L), chlorogenic acid (ChlA) and caffeic acid (CafA) against cyto-genotoxic effects caused by OTA. Vero cells and rat lymphocytes were used and viability was measured by neutral red uptake, MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion method. L (50 and 100µg/mL), ChlA (100 and 200µg/mL) and CafA (10-50µg/mL) reduced the damage induced by OTA (10µg/mL) on both cells type shown a good protective effect. The comet and micronucleus tests in Balb/c mice were performed. ChlA (10mg/kg bw) reduced OTA (0.85mg/kg bw)-induced DNA damage on blood and bone marrow cells, CafA (10mg/kg bw) showed protective effect only in blood cells and luteolin (2.5mg/kg bw) failed to protect DNA integrity on cells. In conclusion, polyphenols tested reduced the toxicity caused by OTA on different target cells with good protective effect, being ChlA the compound that showed the best effects.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Carcinogens/toxicity , DNA Damage/drug effects , Ochratoxins/toxicity , Polyphenols/pharmacology , Animals , Caffeic Acids/pharmacology , Cell Survival/drug effects , Chlorocebus aethiops , Chlorogenic Acid/pharmacology , Luteolin/pharmacology , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Organ Specificity , Rats , Vero CellsABSTRACT
Achyrocline satureioides is widely consumed as infusion or aperitif and shows important therapeutic properties. Previously, we reported absence of genotoxicity of cold aqueous extract (CAE) of A. satureioides by Allium test. However, one test cannot predict the genotoxic effects of a substance. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and apoptotic ability of CAE of A. satureioides. In addition, CAE was chemically characterized. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by Trypan blue and MTT assays. The apoptotic capacity was evaluated by Hoechst staining and DNA fragmentation-analysis. The genotoxicity was studied by comet assay (CA) and micronucleus test. The identification and quantification of flavonoids were performed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The cytotoxicity studies indicated low toxicity of CAE. In addition, CAE did not induce apoptotic effects on human PBMCs. CAE did not show genotoxicity in vitro against Vero cells, at 10-50 µg/mL. CAE did not induce in vivo genotoxic effects, but it showed at high concentrations cytotoxicity by micronucleus assay. CAE presented flavonoids such as quercetin, 3-O-methylquercetin and luteolin. In conclusion, A. satureioides at popularly concentrations used, in aperitif or infusion, can be consumed safely because did not show any cytotoxic or genotoxic effects.
Subject(s)
Achyrocline/chemistry , Apoptosis/drug effects , DNA Damage/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Chlorocebus aethiops , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Comet Assay , DNA Fragmentation , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Female , Humans , Lethal Dose 50 , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects , Luteolin/analysis , Luteolin/pharmacology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Micronucleus Tests , Plant Extracts/analysis , Quercetin/analogs & derivatives , Quercetin/analysis , Quercetin/pharmacology , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , Vero CellsABSTRACT
This paper aims to evaluate the genotoxic effect of agrochemicals in rural workers occupationally exposed by the micronucleus assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes and to promote the development of health and environmental preventive and protective practices. A total of 30 blood samples from 20 individuals occupationally exposed to different agrochemicals and 10 unexposed persons, who formed the reference group, were analyzed. We found statistically significant differences (p < 0.0005, Student's t Test) in the frequency of micronuclei between the two groups (7.20 ± 1.55 and 15.15 ± 5.10 CBMN for reference and exposed groups respectively). The analysis of age showed a positive correlation (Pearson Correlation Test) with the frequency of micronuclei in exposed population (p < 0.05; r(2) = 0.47), in contrast with smoking habits and years of exposure. Micronucleus assay allows an early detection of populations at higher risk of having genetic damage, allowing us to implement strategies of intervention for the purpose of contributing to reduce that risk.
Subject(s)
Agriculture , Agrochemicals/metabolism , Mutagens/metabolism , Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Agrochemicals/toxicity , Biomarkers/blood , Environmental Monitoring , Humans , Male , Micronucleus Tests , Middle Aged , Mutagens/toxicity , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Young AdultABSTRACT
Formulations containing glyphosate are the most widely used herbicides in the world. AMPA is the major environmental breakdown product of glyphosate. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the in vitro genotoxicity of AMPA using the Comet assay in Hep-2 cells after 4h of incubation and the chromosome aberration (CA) test in human lymphocytes after 48h of exposition. Potential in vivo genotoxicity was evaluated through the micronucleus test in mice. In the Comet assay, the level of DNA damage in exposed cells at 2.5-7.5mM showed a significant increase compared with the control group. In human lymphocytes we found statistically significant clastogenic effect AMPA at 1.8mM compared with the control group. In vivo, the micronucleus test rendered significant statistical increases at 200-400mg/kg. AMPA was genotoxic in the three performed tests. Very scarce data are available about AMPA potential genotoxicity.
Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations/chemically induced , DNA Damage , DNA/drug effects , Environmental Pollutants/toxicity , Mutagens/toxicity , Organophosphonates/toxicity , Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival/drug effects , Female , Glycine/analogs & derivatives , Glycine/metabolism , Herbicides/metabolism , Humans , Isoxazoles , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Lymphocytes/pathology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mutagenicity Tests/methods , Tetrazoles , Young Adult , GlyphosateABSTRACT
No disponilbe (AU)
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Vascular Surgical Procedures , Subarachnoid Space , Toes , Popliteal Artery , Catheterization , Bupivacaine , Anesthesia, Epidural , Amputation, Surgical , Anesthetics, Local , Ischemia , Leg , Endarterectomy , Equipment DesignABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe and assess the clinical usefulness of a new posterior approach for sciatic nerve block to the gluteal zone. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective descriptive study of 40 adults undergoing lower limb surgery measured the difficulty, efficacy and success of the described sciatic nerve block. TECHNIQUE: the patient was placed in Sim's position for a posterior approach. A line was then drawn from the upper part of the iliac spine to the sacral hiatus. From the midpoint of that line, a second line of equal length, perpendicular to the first and medial, was then drawn. The end of that line was the point of puncture. The needle was inserted perpendicular to all planes. Mepivacaine 1.5% (0.3 ml/kg) was injected. RESULTS: The sciatic nerve was located upon the first attempt in 90% of the patients within 21.86 +/- 12.62 s. The block failed in 2.5%. Time taken to establish the block was 19.17 +/- 9.62 m. One transitory, mild complication occurred. No vascular puncture occurred. CONCLUSIONS: We describe a new approach for sciatic nerve block using only two points of osseous reference identified by palpation. The level of efficacy and safety is high.
Subject(s)
Nerve Block/methods , Sciatic Nerve , Buttocks , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objetivos. Describir y valorar clínicamente un nuevo abordaje posterior para la anestesia del nervio ciático en el glúteo.Pacienrtes y métodos. Estudio descriptivo y prospectivo, en 40 pacientes adultos sometidos a cirugía de la extremidad inferior, valorando la dificultad, eficacia y éxito del bloqueo ciático que describimos. Técnica de bloqueo: el paciente se coloca para el abordaje posterior en posición de Sim. Se traza una línea que une la espina ilíaca posterosuperior y el hiato sacro. Otra línea perpendicular a la anterior parte de su punto medio con igual longitud y con sentido medial, indicándonos su extremo el lugar de punción. La aguja de bloqueo es insertada perpendicularmente a todos los planos, y se administra mepivacaína al 1,5 por ciento (0,3 ml/kg).Resultados. Se localizó el nervio ciático al primer intento en un 90 por ciento de los casos con un tiempo de 21,86 ñ 12,62 s. En el 10 por ciento restante se consiguió en un segundo intento con un tiempo de 68,25 ñ 38,78 s. El fallo de bloqueo fue de un 2,5 por ciento. El tiempo de instauración del bloqueo fue de 19,17 ñ 9,62 minutos. Sólo hubo una complicación transitoria y considerada leve. No hubo ninguna punción vascular.Conclusiones. Describimos un nuevo abordaje para el bloqueo del nervio ciático utilizando únicamente dos puntos de referencia óseos identificados por palpación con un alto grado de eficacia y seguridad (AU)
No disponible
Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Male , Female , Humans , Sciatic Nerve , Nerve Block , Prospective Studies , ButtocksABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Aged , Male , Humans , Herpes Zoster/etiology , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/pharmacology , Herpes Zoster/diagnosis , Herpes Zoster/drug therapy , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Analgesia, Epidural/methods , Causality , Hypertension/drug therapy , Immunity, Cellular , Clonazepam/therapeutic use , Amitriptyline/therapeutic use , Acyclovir/therapeutic use , Herpesvirus 3, Human/pathogenicitySubject(s)
Anesthesia, Epidural/methods , Catheterization/instrumentation , Ischemia/surgery , Leg/blood supply , Vascular Surgical Procedures , Aged , Amputation, Surgical , Anesthesia, Epidural/instrumentation , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Endarterectomy , Equipment Design , Female , Humans , Popliteal Artery/surgery , Subarachnoid Space , Toes/blood supply , Toes/surgeryABSTRACT
A dental examination could be perceived by small children as an "at-risk" situation. The behaviors observed in these children during a dental examination depend not only on the examination situation but also on other factors, such as the sex of the child or the sex of the accompanying parent. The ethological method provided a means for evaluating behavioral differences due to the sex of the child and that of the accompanying parent. Results showed that girls appeared better able to master the examination situation than did boys, regardless of the sex of the accompanying parent. The girls appeared more secure, and exhibited more exploratory behavior than did the boys. The boys, on the other hand, appeared less secure than did the girls especially when the father was the accompanying parent.
Subject(s)
Child Behavior , Dental Anxiety/psychology , Dental Care/psychology , Sex Characteristics , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Analysis of Variance , Attitude , Child, Preschool , Dentist-Patient Relations , Exploratory Behavior , Father-Child Relations , Female , Humans , Male , Mother-Child Relations , Multivariate Analysis , Self ConceptABSTRACT
As part of a national survey, an epidemiological study of caries prevalence was conducted on 6 to 15 years old schoolchildren from the region Midi-Pyrénées. The analysis of a sample of 711 children representative of this regional child population showed no significant differences related to sex, age, rural and urban areas. The 6 years old children had a DMFT of 0.35 which rose to 2.35 and 4.58 at the ages of 9 and 12 years respectively. The DMFS indices were 0.43, 3.49 and 7.84 at the age of 6, 9 and 12 years respectively. At the age of 6 years, 87% of the children had no carious lesions. This percentage decreased rapidly to 33% at 9 years of age, 20% at 12 years and 7% at 14 years.
