ABSTRACT
Since 2003, India has had a well-established influenza surveillance network, though Influenza C virus was not the focus of study. We therefore retrospectively analyzed clinical samples from Pune, western India collected during January 2009 to August 2015, by real-time RT-PCR. Three of 2530 samples of patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) or severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) showed positivity for Influenza C virus infection, while 105 and 31 samples were positive for Influenza A and B viruses respectively. Influenza C viruses were successfully isolated using the embryonated egg system and whole genomes were sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically. HE gene-based phylogeny showed that two viruses C/India/P119564/2011 and C/India P121719/2012 clustered with the C/Sao Paulo/378/82 (SP82) lineage, whereas C/India/P135047/2013 clustered with the C/Kanagawa/1/76 (KA76) lineage. The internal gene of these viruses grouped in two lineages. The PB1, PB2, M and NS genes of the study viruses grouped with C/Yamagata/26/81 (YA81), while the P3 (PA) and NP genes grouped with C/Mississippi/80 (MS80). Bayesian clock studies conclude that the Indian strains may have emerged through multiple reassortment events.
Subject(s)
Gammainfluenzavirus/genetics , Gammainfluenzavirus/isolation & purification , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods , Adolescent , Bayes Theorem , Child , Evolution, Molecular , Genome, Viral , Humans , India/epidemiology , Influenza, Human/virology , Phylogeny , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Reassortant Viruses/genetics , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Arthropathy is a well known side effect of the iron chelator deferiprone (L1); however, the imaging findings in deferiprone-induced arthropathy are not well known. In this article, we describe the typical radiographic and MRI findings in a patient receiving regular blood transfusions who developed arthropathy after long-term therapy with the oral iron chelator deferiprone (L1). Deferiprone primarily affects the articular cartilage and the changes include synovial thickening, articular cartilage thickening, and subchondral bone erosions.
ABSTRACT
Fifty-six normal healthy subjects and forty-four patients with bronchial asthma were subjected to capillary and arterial blood gas analysis. Arterial blood values were measured immediately and at two and four hours interval after storing the samples between 0-4 degrees C using glass and plastic syringes. It was observed that PO2 of arterial blood was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than capillary PO2 values, while material of syringe and time interval of analysis did not make any significant alteration. PCO2 and pH values in arterial samples at various intervals and in different syringes were comparable in normal as well as in asthmatic subjects.
