Myocardial Infarction incidence during national lockdown in two French provinces unevenly affected by COVID-19 outbreak: An observational study.

BACKGROUND: A reduction of admission for MI has been reported in most countries affected by COVID-19. No clear explanation has been provided. METHODS: To report the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) admission during COVID-19 pandemic and in particular during national lockdown in two unequally affected French provinces (10-million inhabitants) with a different media strategy, and to describe the magnitude of MI incidence changes relative to the incidence of COVID-19-related deaths. A longitudinal study to collect all MIs from January 1 until May 17, 2020 (study period) and from the identical time period in 2019 (control period) was conducted in all centers with PCI-facilities in northern "Hauts-de-France" province and western "Pays-de-la-Loire" Province. The incidence of COVID-19 fatalities was also collected. FINDINGS: In "Hauts-de-France", during lockdown (March 18-May 10), 1500 COVID-19-related deaths were observed. A 23% decrease in MI-IR (IRR=0.77;95%CI:0.71-0.84, p<0.001) was observed for a loss of 272 MIs (95%CI:-363,-181), representing 18% of COVID-19-related deaths. In "Pays-de-la-Loire", 382 COVID-19-related deaths were observed. A 19% decrease in MI-IR (IRR=0.81; 95%CI=0.73-0.90, p<0.001) was observed for a loss of 138 MIs (95%CI:-210,-66), representing 36% of COVID-19-related deaths. While in "Hauts-de-France" the MI decline started before lockdown and recovered 3 weeks before its end, in "Pays-de-la-Loire", it started after lockdown and recovered only by its end. In-hospital mortality of MI patients was increased during lockdown in both provinces (5.0% vs 3.4%, p=0.02). INTERPRETATION: It highlights one of the potential collateral damages of COVID-19 outbreak on cardiovascular health with a dramatic reduction of MI incidence. It advocates for a careful and weighted communication strategy in pandemic crises. FUNDING: The study was conducted without external funding.

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: Management and association with prognosis during the COVID-19 pandemic in France.

BACKGROUND: Systems of care have been challenged to control progression of the COVID-19 pandemic. Whether this has been associated with delayed reperfusion and worse outcomes in French patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is unknown. AIM: To compare the rate of STEMI admissions, treatment delays, and outcomes between the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in France and the equivalent period in 2019. METHODS: In this nationwide French survey, data from consecutive STEMI patients from 65 centres referred for urgent revascularization between 1 March and 31 May 2020, and between 1 March and 31 May 2019, were analysed. The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital death or non-fatal mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction. RESULTS: A total of 6306 patients were included. During the pandemic peak, a 13.9±6.6% (P=0.003) decrease in STEMI admissions per week was observed. Delays between symptom onset and percutaneous coronary intervention were longer in 2020 versus 2019 (270 [interquartile range 150-705] vs 245 [140-646]min; P=0.013), driven by the increase in time from symptom onset to first medical contact (121 [60-360] vs 150 [62-420]min; P=0.002). During 2020, a greater number of mechanical complications was observed (0.9% vs 1.7%; P=0.029) leading to a significant difference in the primary outcome (112 patients [5.6%] in 2019 vs 129 [7.6%] in 2020; P=0.018). No significant difference was observed in rates of orotracheal intubation, in-hospital cardiac arrest, ventricular arrhythmias and cardiogenic shock. CONCLUSIONS: During the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in France, there was a decrease in STEMI admissions, associated with longer ischaemic time, exclusively driven by an increase in patient-related delays and an increase in mechanical complications. These findings suggest the need to encourage the population to seek medical help in case of symptoms.

Axillary Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Peripheral Vascular Disease.

The axillary artery seems an interesting alternative in nonfemoral transaortic valve replacement (TAVR) patients. This study describes our experience with this technique and its short-term follow-up results. This is a retrospective single center study. All axillary TAVR performed in our department between 2015 and 2017 were included in the study. Mean follow-up was 13.2 ± 9.5 months. All reporting was done according to the VARC-2 criteria. During the period covered, 43 patients had an axillary TAVR. Most patients were men (62.7%), had a mean age of 83.9 ± 5.3 years and presented with EuroSCORE I, II, and STS score of 27.9 ± 13.5%, 5.6 ± 4.9%, and 7.7 ± 4.05%, respectively. Vascular access was successful in all patients with a higher frequency of left approach (69.7%, n = 30). Both Medtronic CoreValve 37.2% (n = 16) and Edwards Sapien3 62.8% (n = 27) valves were used. An apical Certitude delivery system was preferentially used (24/27) in the latter group. There were no reported instances of valve migration or need for a second valve implantation. A single case (2.3%) of arterial vascular complication was reported. Central neurologic morbidity was 2.3%. No patient experienced brachial plexus injury. A pacemaker was implanted in 18.6% of cases (n = 8), with no significant difference between the 2 valves patient groups (S3 14.8% vs CV 25%, P 0.67). The 30-day mortality was 6.9% (n = 3) and 1-year survival was 86% [95% CI 72.6, 93.4]. Axillary TAVR is associated with acceptable morbidity, mortality, and leads to satisfactory short-term clinical outcomes. It has the potential to become the main alternative access route in nonfemoral TAVR patients.

Accuracy of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to rule out significant coronary artery disease in patients with systolic heart failure of unknown aetiology: Single-centre experience and comprehensive meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of systolic heart failure (HF). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is a non-invasive technique that detects a myocardial infarction scar as subendocardial or transmural late gadolinium enhancement (st-LGE). AIM: We sought to evaluate whether a lack of st-LGE could rule out CAD in new-onset systolic HF of unknown aetiology. METHODS: We included 232 consecutive patients with new-onset HF and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% who underwent both coronary angiography and CMR to assess HF aetiology. CAD was defined as the presence of coronary artery stenosis≥50% on a coronary angiogram. We assessed sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR) of the presence of st-LGE to detect underlying CAD. A complementary meta-analysis of 11 studies (including ours) was also performed. RESULTS: In our study, 49 (21.1%) patients had CAD. The sensitivity and specificity of the presence of st-LGE to detect CAD were 69 and 92%, respectively. PLR and NLR were 8.47 and 0.33, respectively. In the meta-analysis, 1227 patients were included, and the prevalence of CAD ranged from 19.2 to 68.3%. Sensitivity, specificity, PLR and NLR were 87% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80-0.92), 93% (95% CI 0.89-0.96), 12.91 (95% CI 7.70-21.64) and 0.14 (95% CI 0.09-0.22), respectively. Altogether, 55 patients presented CAD with no st-LGE; inversely, 75 patients presented st-LGE with no CAD. CONCLUSION: With a CMR specificity of 93%, the absence of st-LGE rules out significant underlying CAD in patients with systolic HF of unknown aetiology in most cases.

Von Willebrand Factor Multimers during Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement.

BACKGROUND: Postprocedural aortic regurgitation occurs in 10 to 20% of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic-valve replacement (TAVR) for aortic stenosis. We hypothesized that assessment of defects in high-molecular-weight (HMW) multimers of von Willebrand factor or point-of-care assessment of hemostasis could be used to monitor aortic regurgitation during TAVR. METHODS: We enrolled 183 patients undergoing TAVR. Patients with aortic regurgitation after the initial implantation, as identified by means of transesophageal echocardiography, underwent additional balloon dilation to correct aortic regurgitation. HMW multimers and the closure time with adenosine diphosphate (CT-ADP), a point-of-care measure of hemostasis, were assessed at baseline and 5 minutes after each step of the procedure. Mortality was evaluated at 1 year. A second cohort (201 patients) was studied to validate the use of CT-ADP in order to identify patients with aortic regurgitation. RESULTS: After the initial implantation, HMW multimers normalized in patients without aortic regurgitation (137 patients). Among the 46 patients with aortic regurgitation, normalization occurred in 20 patients in whom additional balloon dilation was successful but did not occur in the 26 patients with persistent aortic regurgitation. A similar sequence of changes was observed with CT-ADP. A CT-ADP value of more than 180 seconds had sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of 92.3%, 92.4%, and 98.6%, respectively, for aortic regurgitation, with similar results in the validation cohort. Multivariable analyses showed that the values for HMW multimers and CT-ADP at the end of TAVR were each associated with mortality at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of HMW-multimer defects and a high value for a point-of-care hemostatic test, the CT-ADP, were each predictive of the presence of aortic regurgitation after TAVR and were associated with higher mortality 1 year after the procedure. (Funded by Lille 2 University and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02628509.).

Dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with a long coronary artery lesion over 30 mm: Determinants and impact on prognosis.

BACKGROUND: The ideal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is under debate. Lesion length is a well-recognized predictor of PCI complexity and long-term outcome. AIM: To evaluate the determinants and impact on outcome of long-term DAPT in a retrospective cohort of patients treated for a long coronary lesion. METHODS: Patients (n=460) who underwent PCI for a long lesion (>30 mm) were divided into two groups according to antiplatelet regimen at 1 year: patients who stopped DAPT before 1 year (single antiplatelet therapy group; n=168) and patients who continued DAPT for longer than 1 year (n=292). RESULTS: Mean lesion length was 35.7±7.1 mm. The proportion of patients who continued DAPT after 1 year was 63.5%. The main determinants of long-term DAPT were initial presentation as myocardial infarction and implantation of a drug-eluting stent. Median follow-up was 37.4 (23-51) months after the 1-year period following the index PCI. Long-term DAPT was highly associated with a lower risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality by multivariable analysis and after adjustment for other predictors: hazard ratios 0.11 (95% confidence interval 0.03-0.32) and 0.15 (95% confidence interval 0.04-0.62), respectively. No increase in major bleeding was noted. CONCLUSION: In a contemporary practice, nearly two-thirds of patients who undergo PCI for a long lesion are treated with DAPT for several years. Our results suggest that long-term DAPT is beneficial in this subset of patients identified as being at high risk.