ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess the indications, settings and techniques used in renal replacement therapy (RRT) in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, multicenter observational study was carried out. SETTING: Intensive Care Units. PATIENTS: All patients admitted to ICUs during the two-month study period in 2011 who required RRT. INTERVENTIONS: None. VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Patient demographic characteristics, baseline clinical data, RRT technique and materials used. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients were analyzed. RRT was started within the first 24hours after ICU admission in 17 of the 33 patients (52%). At the start of RRT, 18% of the patients (n=6) presented grade R on the RIFLE acute kidney injury (AKI) scale. The most common disorder associated with AKI was multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (64%; n=21). At the start of RRT, most patients (76%; n=25) presented hemodynamic instability, while the remaining 24% (n=8) were considered hemodynamically stable. The most common RRT technique in hemodynamically stable patients was continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) (63%; n=5). CRRT was the technique of choice in all 25 of the hemodynamically unstable patients (100%). Anticoagulation was used in 55% (n=18) of the patients. In most cases (61%, n=20), RRT was administered through the right femoral vein. In 84% (n=28) of the patients, the ultrafiltration effluent flow rate was ≤ 35ml/kg/h. CONCLUSIONS: The ICU physicians in this study followed current RRT guidelines. CRRT was preferred over intermittent renal replacement therapy, regardless of patient hemodynamic status.
Subject(s)
Acute Kidney Injury/therapy , Critical Care/methods , Intensive Care Units , Renal Replacement Therapy/methods , Acute Kidney Injury/blood , Acute Kidney Injury/etiology , Acute Kidney Injury/physiopathology , Aged , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Creatinine/blood , Female , Hemodiafiltration/statistics & numerical data , Hemodynamics , Humans , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Male , Middle Aged , Multiple Organ Failure/complications , Prospective Studies , Renal Replacement Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Severity of Illness Index , Spain , Time-to-TreatmentABSTRACT
Successful home tube feeding in the elderly patient is realized by careful patient selection and assessment, thorough and comprehensive teaching plans, and adequate follow-up and monitoring. Nutrient delivery through enteral feeding is an important therapy in maintaining nutritional status, thereby improving strength (and mobility) and immune competence, and thus contributing to an improved quality of life. The nurse plays a key role in facilitating the successful transition from the hospital to the home setting--and an even greater role in allowing the patient to remain at home.
