Assessment of safety and adverse drug reactions of COVID vaccination in the South Indian population: An observational prospective cross-sectional study.

Background: COVID vaccination is now offering a way to transit out of this phase of the pandemic. Two vaccines were approved by the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) in India: Covishield and Covaxin. However, the vaccines are known to have Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) like fever, body pains, headache, pain, and swelling at the injection site. Aim: To assess the Safety of ADRs with Covid Vaccination in the South Indian Population. Method: This prospective, multi-centric study was carried out for six months (February 2021-July 2021). Subjects vaccinated against COVID were enrolled in the study. Informed consent was taken from the study participants, and required data (age, gender, type of vaccine, and ADRs) was collected through telephonic interviews. The data were analyzed by using the Chi-square test. Results: A total of 3032 participants were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of ADRs is highly observed after the 2nd dose (51%) of COVID vaccination. ADRs were mainly experienced by females (55%) than males (45%). The incidence of fever and body pains was high in Covishield after dose one and Covaxin after dose 2. The pain at the injection site was high in Covaxin after dose 2. The WHO assessment scale and Naranjo's scale shows that ADRs are higher likely than probable. Conclusion: We concluded that frequent ADRs that occurred with Covaxin and Covishield were fever, body pains, weakness, headache, and pain at the injection site. All the ADRs were mild and manageable with Paracetamol. So, the vaccines are safe to administer.

Corticosteroids induced avascular necrosis of hip, a "long COVID-19" complication: Case report.

Introduction and importance: Since it first surfaced, the new Coronavirus has multiplied and mutated into different forms, leading to a significant impact on people's lives. COVID-19's long-term impact is not completely known; It can only be hypothesized based on the prior outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Avascular necrosis (AVN) is one of these consequences, which if left untreated can lead to catastrophic events and bone collapse. It's important to remember that individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 infection are still at risk of developing AVN. The pathological findings in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are very similar to those seen in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection. Case presentation: We present cases of 27 and 69-year-old men with no comorbidities admitted with complaints of bilateral hip pain post covid treatment with corticosteroids and antivirals. The diagnosis was established based on history, physical examination, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Clinical discussion: The use of corticosteroids in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection has saved many lives, and it is still advised for moderate to severe cases on a short-term basis. The long-term use of corticosteroids is associated with numerous side effects. One of the most prevalent side effects of steroids is avascular necrosis of the femoral head, which is aggravated by the disease process. Conclusion: Early detection of Avascular necrosis is very crucial in its management due to its high progression rate. Low therapeutic doses of corticosteroids with minimal effective duration remain the key to halting its occurrence.