ABSTRACT
Effect of pretreatment of intraperitoneally administered Ca-channel blockers Nifedipine (5, 10, 20 mg/kg). Verapamil (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) and Diltiazem (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) was studied on Haloperidol-induced catalepsy and Methamphetamine-induced stereotypy in albino rats. All these drugs reduced the onset of catalepsy, significantly increased the cataleptic score and delayed the onset and inhibited the Methamphetamine-induced stereotypy. The possible involvement of dopaminergic and adrenergic mechanisms and modification by Ca-channel blockers are discussed.
Subject(s)
Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology , Catalepsy/chemically induced , Stereotyped Behavior/drug effects , Animals , Catalepsy/psychology , Central Nervous System Depressants/pharmacology , Central Nervous System Stimulants/pharmacology , Diltiazem/pharmacology , Female , Haloperidol/pharmacology , Male , Methamphetamine/pharmacology , Nifedipine/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Verapamil/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The effects of ranitidine (2 mg/kg, po) and phenylbutazone (100 mg/kg po) have been studied in different models of acute and chronic inflammation in rats. Ranitidine showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in the four models used. This observation supports the concept that histamine has a pro-inflammatory role that is mediated via stimulation of H2-receptors.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy , Arthritis/drug therapy , Inflammation/drug therapy , Ranitidine/therapeutic use , Acute Disease , Animals , Carrageenan , Chronic Disease , Female , Granuloma/drug therapy , Male , Peritonitis/drug therapy , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , TurpentineABSTRACT
When bupropion (12.5-50 mg kg-1) was administered 30 min before methamphetamine it significantly antagonized methamphetamine-induced stereotyped behaviour in mice, but when given 5 min after methamphetamine it significantly potentiated the behaviour. When it was administered to mice pretreated with 100 mg kg-1 pargyline, intense locomotor stimulation and stereotyped behaviour was observed whereas when clomipramine was administered similarly the animals showed locomotor stimulation, head twitches and abduction and extension of hind limbs. Unlike clomipramine, bupropion failed to potentiate the 5-hydroxytryptamine-mediated behaviour seen after 5-hydroxytryptophan, 100 mg kg-1, i.v. These observations are in agreement with reports that bupropion is more potent as an inhibitor of dopamine uptake than as an inhibitor of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake in-vitro.
Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Dopamine/physiology , Propiophenones/pharmacology , Serotonin/physiology , 5-Hydroxytryptophan/antagonists & inhibitors , Animals , Bupropion , Clomipramine/pharmacology , Drug Interactions , Humans , Male , Methamphetamine/antagonists & inhibitors , Mice , Motor Activity/drug effects , Pargyline/pharmacology , Stereotyped Behavior/drug effectsABSTRACT
Anti-gastric activity of metoclopramide was studied in guinea pigs using three different models of gastric ulceration. The effect of metoclopramide on gastric acidity was also studied. It was observed that metoclopramide affords protection against all types of experimentally induced gastric ulceration, without affecting the gastric acid secretion. The protective effect, therefore, is probably due to its ability to promote gastric drainage and to prevent the pyloric reflux, thus preventing corrosive effects of bile and acid on the stomach mucosa.
Subject(s)
Anti-Ulcer Agents , Metoclopramide/pharmacology , Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy , Animals , Aspirin , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Gastric Acidity Determination , Guinea Pigs , Histamine , Ligation , Male , Pepsin A/metabolism , Pylorus/physiology , Stomach Ulcer/etiology , Stomach Ulcer/metabolism , Stomach Ulcer/pathologyABSTRACT
The present work was undertaken to study and compare the gastric ulcerogenic action of analgesic antipyretic agents in guinea pigs. Their interaction with sodium salicylate was also studied. It was observed that aspirin, both microfined and ordinary, phenylbutazone, indomethacin and sodium salicylate were highly ulcerogenic in guinea pigs, while paracetamol and ibuprofen did not exhibit this action. It was also observed that sodium salicylate did not modify the ulcerogenic action of aspirin (both ordinary and microfined), phenylbutazone, ibuprofen and paracetamol but antagonized significantly the ulcerogenic action of indomethacin.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/toxicity , Salicylates/toxicity , Stomach Ulcer/chemically induced , Animals , Drug Interactions , Female , Gastric Acid/metabolism , Guinea Pigs , Male , Salicylic Acid , Stomach Ulcer/pathologySubject(s)
Anti-Anxiety Agents/therapeutic use , Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy , Acute Disease , Animals , Female , Ligation , Male , Rats , Stomach Ulcer/etiologyABSTRACT
Stress ulcers were induced by subjecting rats to forced immobilisation and cold (4 degrees to 7 degrees C) for 4 hrs. The nature of drugs which afford varying degrees of protection against such ulceration, bring out the complexity of the factors involved in the study of pathogenesis of acute gastric ulceration due to stress.
