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1.
J Wildl Dis ; 50(4): 817-28, 2014 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25105810

ABSTRACT

Abstract The lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris) is found in South America and is listed as Vulnerable to Extinction by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, Red List of Threatened Species. Health issues, particularly infectious diseases, are potential threats for the species. Health information from 65 wild tapirs from two Brazilian biomes, Atlantic Forest (AF) and Pantanal (PA), were collected during a long-term study (1996-2012). The study included physic, hematologic and biochemical evaluations, microbiologic cultures, urinalysis, and serologic analyses for antibodies against 13 infectious agents (viral and bacterial). The AF and PA tapirs were significantly different for several hematologic and biochemical parameters. Ten bacteria taxa were identified in the AF and 26 in the PA. Antibodies against five viruses were detected: Bluetongue virus, eastern equine encephalitis virus, western equine encephalitis virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, and porcine parvovirus. A high prevalence of exposure to Leptospira interrogans (10 serovars: Autumnalis, Bratislava, Canicola, Copenhageni, Grippotyphosa, Hardjo, Hebdomadis, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, and Pyrogenes) was detected in both the AF and PA sites. A greater diversity of serovars and higher antibody titers were found in the PA. Statistically significant differences between sites were found for L. interrogans, equine encephalitis virus, and porcine parvovirus. Based on physical evaluations, both AF and PA populations were healthy. The differences in the overall health profile of the AF and PA tapir populations appear to be associated with environmental factors and infectious diseases ecology. The extensive datasets on hematology, biochemistry, urinalysis, and microbiology results from this paper can be used as reference values for wild tapirs.


Subject(s)
Bacterial Infections/veterinary , Perissodactyla , Virus Diseases/veterinary , Animals , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Bacterial Infections/blood , Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Conservation of Natural Resources , Ecosystem , Endangered Species , Virus Diseases/blood , Virus Diseases/epidemiology , Virus Diseases/virology
2.
Integr Zool ; 7(4): 331-345, 2012 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23253365

ABSTRACT

Tapirs have unique nutritional needs, as well as anatomical, physiological, behavioral and ecological adaptations that must be considered when managing their health, both in the wild and in captivity. Information about how tapirs live in their natural habitats can provide crucial knowledge to prevent many of the health problems found in captivity such as infectious and parasitic diseases, reproductive issues and nutritional and behavioral disorders. Likewise, proper management in captivity can significantly contribute to in situ conservation programs. Conservation medicine is a science created to address the global health crisis that jeopardizes biodiversity causing imbalances among ecosystem, human, animal and vegetal health. In this context, common threats to tapir health and conservation, such as isolated and small populations surrounded by human activity, chemical pollution, domestic animals and their pathogenic agents, need to be better understood. This manuscript provides information about the health of tapirs both in captivity and in the wild and aims to encourage tapir conservationists worldwide to gather information about pathogen and disease dynamics and manifestation, as well as implications for tapir conservation.


Subject(s)
Animal Husbandry/methods , Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/physiology , Animals, Zoo , Conservation of Natural Resources/methods , Health Status , Perissodactyla/physiology , Veterinary Medicine/methods , Animals
3.
Arq. ciênc. vet. zool. UNIPAR ; 5(1): 93-102, jan.-jun. 2002. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-360668

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar a casuística médica observada em antas (Tapirus terrestris) mantidas no Criadouro de Animais Silvestres da ITAIPU Binacional, acrescentando informações sobre as diferentes enfermidades que podem acometer essa espécie em cativeiro. O período de estudo foi de março de 1986 a março de 1999. Os prontuários analisados foram referentes a quatro pacientes de sexo feminino e quatro de sexo masculino. As alterações notificadas foram classificadas como: 1) lesões cutâneas; 2) observações parasitárias; 3) alterações no sistema músculo esquelético e 4) outras alterações. O percentual de manifestações em cada categoria foi calculado com base na totalidade de situações médicas observadas na população em estudo. A taxa de incidência (I) das enfermidades observadas foi calculada considerando o número de indivíduos em risco por ano. Em 101 observações médicas, contidas nos prontuários, 51 foram relativas a lesões cutâneas (50,49 por cento; I=1,21), 37 a observações parasitárias (36,63 por cento; I=0,88), sete a alterações no sistema músculo esquelético (6,94 por cento; I=0,16) e duas foram classificadas como outras observações (1,98 por cento; I=0,05). A taxa de incidência e o percentual das alterações clínicas observadas revelam que a grande maioria das situações observadas foi decorrente da falta de adaptação dos animais ao cativeiro. As observações parasitárias representaram o segundo maior percentual de anotações nos prontuários médicos. Apesar de não representarem alterações clínicas aos pacientes avaliados, as infestações parasitárias podem tornar-se o fator mais importante de prejuízo a saúde de um plantel de antas em cativeiro, se não forem tomadas medidas profiláticas apropriadas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Animals, Wild , Disease
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