ABSTRACT
In children, the signs and symptoms of serious infection often mimic those observed with minor, self-limiting diseases. One of the most important steps in making a diagnosis of an infection of the central nervous system is to suspect that an infection may be present. Acute epiglotitis predominantly affects children 2 to 7 years of age; delays in its diagnosis or treatment may result in death within a matter of hours. Pharmacists should be aware of the signs and symptoms of child abuse and neglect and understand the reporting procedures and requirements.
Subject(s)
Child Abuse/diagnosis , Community Pharmacy Services , Epiglottitis/diagnosis , Feeding and Eating Disorders/diagnosis , Meningitis, Bacterial/diagnosis , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Vomiting/etiologySubject(s)
Common Cold/drug therapy , Cough/drug therapy , Nonprescription Drugs/administration & dosage , Adult , Analgesics/administration & dosage , Antitussive Agents/administration & dosage , Child , Common Cold/nursing , Cough/nursing , Histamine H1 Antagonists/administration & dosage , Humans , Nasal Decongestants/administration & dosage , Nursing, Practical/educationSubject(s)
1-Propanol/adverse effects , Ethanol/adverse effects , Body Temperature/drug effects , Child , HumansABSTRACT
Serum lidocaine concentrations were determined following subcutaneous administration for local anesthesia in the management of lacerations in the emergency room setting. Thirty patients received doses of lidocaine hydrochloride 1% solution ranging from 10 to 300 mg. Venous blood samples were drawn 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after lidocaine administration. Serum lidocaine determinations were made using an immunoassay system and verified by gas chromatography. There was no evidence of lidocaine absorption from the subcutaneous injection sites. There were no detectable concentrations of lidocaine in any of the patient blood samples. The absorption characteristics of subcutaneously administered lidocaine appear to be altered in traumatized tissue.
Subject(s)
Lidocaine/blood , Humans , Injections, Subcutaneous , Lidocaine/administration & dosage , Time Factors , Wounds and Injuries/metabolismABSTRACT
The treatment of the hemophilias is a great challenge to all clinicians involved in the care of hemophiliacs. The proper use of blood products, such as whole blood, plasma, fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitated factor VIII, commercial factor VIII concentrate, prothrombin complex concentrate, and anti-inhibitor coagulant complex, has a significant effect on the quality of care that these patients receive. Manufacturers now have the ability to commercially prepare some of these products as dry powders requiring reconstitution prior to use. This capability has enabled the department of pharmacy to store, and the pharmacist to dispense, such products as commercial factor VIII concentrate, prothrombin complex concentrate, and anti-inhibitor coagulant complex when needed. Consequently, the practicing pharmacist should possess a basic understanding of how and when the different blood products are used in the treatment of hemophilia. A review of these blood products is presented.
Subject(s)
Hemophilia A/therapy , Pharmacy Service, Hospital , Factor VIII/therapeutic use , Humans , PlasmaABSTRACT
This historical development, biosynthesis, analysis, interpretation, and utilization of glycosylated hemoglobin determinations (HbA1 or HbA1c alone) are presented. The relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin determinations and assessment of diabetic control is discussed. HbA1 and HbA1c levels are elevated approximately twofold in diabetic patients. A correlation exists between abnormal fluctuations in blood glucose levels and HbA1 concentrations. The results of glycosylated hemoglobin determinations are not influenced by recent meals, physical activity, emotional stress, or inherited abnormalities. Although glycosylated hemoglobin determinations are subject to fewer variables than blood and urine glucose assessments, the clinician must be aware of the indications and limitations for their use. These indications and limitations are discussed.
