Subject(s)
Diagnostic Errors , Pharyngitis/diagnosis , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolation & purification , Streptococcus/isolation & purification , Adult , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Male , Penicillins/therapeutic use , Pharyngitis/drug therapy , Pharyngitis/microbiology , Streptococcal Infections/drug therapy , Streptococcal Infections/microbiologySubject(s)
Bacteremia/immunology , Bordetella Infections/immunology , Immunocompromised Host , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Bacteremia/drug therapy , Bordetella/isolation & purification , Bordetella Infections/diagnosis , Bordetella Infections/drug therapy , Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use , Cephalosporins/therapeutic use , Child , Humans , Male , Splenectomy , Thrombocythemia, Essential/surgeryABSTRACT
Bacterial antigen testing (BAT) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by latex agglutination is a low-yield procedure in patients whose CSF specimens have normal laboratory parameters. Between August 1992 and August 1994, we evaluated 287 bacterial antigen (BA) test requests to determine whether yields could be improved and whether patient costs could be reduced by cancelling BAT for those patients with normal CSF parameters (cell count, protein, glucose) after consultation with physicians. A total of 171 (68%) BA tests were canceled by this approach. None of these CSF specimens was culture positive for an organism detectable by BAT. Of the remaining 116 CSF specimens tested, only 3 were positive by BAT, one each for Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and group B streptococcus. Only 43 of the CSF specimens tested had at least two abnormal parameters; the 3 positive CSF specimens were included in this group. In light of the low rate of positivity, the number of BA tests can be further reduced by establishing criteria that must be met before a CSF specimen is accepted for BAT. After review of our data and the literature concerning this topic, we concluded that only specimens with leukocyte counts of > or = 50 cells per mm3 should be tested. Of 287 specimens evaluated in our study, only 36 met this criterion, including the 3 BA-positive specimens. Enacting such a restriction would have reduced the total number of BA tests by 251 (87%) without compromising patient care. A laboratory cost savings of $6,500 per year would have been realized, with a substantial reduction in the cost per positive test. Patient charges would have been reduced by $12,500 per year.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Bacterial/cerebrospinal fluid , Latex Fixation Tests/standards , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Humans , Latex Fixation Tests/economics , Meningitis, Bacterial/diagnosis , Meningitis, Bacterial/economics , Meningitis, Bacterial/microbiology , Quality Assurance, Health CareSubject(s)
Abscess/etiology , Fetal Monitoring/adverse effects , Ureaplasma Infections/etiology , Ureaplasma urealyticum , Abscess/microbiology , Ampicillin/therapeutic use , Buttocks , Carrier State , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Streptococcal Infections/prevention & control , Streptococcus pyogenes , Ureaplasma urealyticum/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
A new differential medium for isolation of Corynebacterium vaginale is described. This opaque medium containing 1% corn starch allows detection of C. vaginale by the zones of clearing developing around the colonies.
