Changes in physical function of frail elderly females in the one-year long-term care prevention program.

[Purpose] This study investigated changes in the physical function of frail elderly females who participated in a long-term care prevention project for ≥1 year. [Participants and Methods] There were 125 females included. Measurement items were body mass index, 5-m maximum gait time, 5-m normal gait time, standing on one leg with eyes open, timed up and go test, and grip strength and measured every six months. [Results] Grip strength decreased significantly after six months and one year compared to that of the start. The other measurements had no significant differences at start, after six months, and after one year. [Conclusion] This study investigated changes in physical functions in the frail community-dwelling elderly females one year after starting in a long-term prevention care program. Consequently, after one year in the program, no change was noted in measurements, such as gait speed, but only grip strength decreased. Likely, the exercise program mainly targeted the lower limb muscles. Therefore, although functions mainly use the lower limbs, such as walking, may be maintained, those using the upper limbs may be affected by aging.

Intervention using behavior modification techniques to improve the lifestyle of high-risk metabolic syndrome patients.

[Purpose] The present study examined the effects of a 12-week intervention combined with behavior modification techniques to improve the lifestyle and biochemical indicators, of high-risk metabolic syndrome patients. [Participants and Methods] The 21 participants (10 participants in the intervention group and 11 participants in the control group) were provided with information about metabolic syndrome. Participants in the intervention group were asked to set goals to improve their lifestyle (dietary and exercise) and their self-efficacy. The participants completed and submitted a weekly, self-monitoring sheet and were provided with feedback on their lifestyle. [Results] Following intervention, the values of body mass index and abdominal circumference were significantly lower for the intervention group as compared to the control group. There were no differences in the total physical activity level, total energy intake, or blood levels of lipids between the two groups. [Conclusion] According to Motivational Interviewing, to modify and continue behaviors, it is important for people to recognize "their significance" and have "confidence". In the present study, information about metabolic syndrome was provided to enable the recognition of the importance of behaviors. Moreover, participants in the intervention group were required to set goals to increase their self-efficacy. We attribute the participants' weight loss and decrease in abdominal circumference to this.