Commercial suitability and characterization of newly developed Erucastrum canariense (Can) sterile cytoplasm based cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines in Indian cauliflower.

The study presents the first to characterize novel Erucastrum canarianse Webb and Berthel (or Can) sterile cytoplasm-based CMS lines in Indian cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) and investigating their commercial suitability. Eleven Can-based CMS lines were examined for 12 agro-morphological and yield traits,18 floral traits, four seed yield traits together with three each of the Ogura (source: wild Japanese Radish) and Tour (Source: Brassica tournefortii) cytoplasms. All of the recorded floral and seed traits showed significant (P > 0.05) differences between the CMS lines of each group. Agro-morphological and yield traits in CMS lines and their maintainers, however, were non-significantly different. All the Can- and Ogura-based CMS lines showed flowering and appropriate seed formation by natural cross-pollination. Only two Tour cytoplasm-based CMS lines, Tour (DC-41-5) and Tour (DC-67), produced the smallest malformed flowers and stigma. The highest seed yield per plant in CMS lines was in Ogu (DC-98-4) and the lowest in Tour (DC-67). P14 and P15, two polymorphic mtDNA markers, were discovered for the Can CMS system for early detection. Five primers (ITS5a-ITS4, atpF-atpH, P16, rbeL and trnL), along with their maintainers, were sequenced and aligned to detect nucleotide changes including as additions and or deletions at different positions. The newly introduced E. canariense sterile cytoplasm-based CMS system in cauliflower is the subject of the first comprehensive report, which emphasises their potential as a further stable and reliable genetic mechanism for hybrid breeding.

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using pre-hydrolysis liquor of Eucalyptus wood and its effective antimicrobial activity.

Herein, we described for the first time, biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using pre-hydrolyzed liquor of Eucalyptus wood under ambient conditions. The pre-hydrolyzed liquor containing a high amount of metabolites such as polyphenols, hemicelluloses and its derivatives are mainly assisted for the reduction and stabilization process of Ag+ ions to AgNPs. The formation of AgNPs is monitored by recording the UV-vis spectrophotometer for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak observed at ∼415nm. The intensity of SPR increased linearly with increasing the reaction time at ambient condition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of AgNPs reveals the formation of face-centered cubic structure. Field emission electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show the spherical shaped particles and narrow size distribution with an average diameter of 25-30nm. The elemental analysis by energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis confirms the presence of Ag as the major amount and is found to be 82%. Analysis of the fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of the NPs revealed the presence of phytoconstituents from pre-hydrolyzed liquor adsorbed on the surface of AgNPs. Moreover, in vitro, antimicrobial activity is found to be effective for as-synthesized AgNPs on tested bacteria (viz., P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. coli) followed by fungus (C. oxysporum, P. chrysogenum, C. albicans and A.niger). Thus, these results suggest the use of biosynthesized AgNPs as effective growth inhibitors for various biomedical applications.

Evaluation of radiological methods of assessing cup anteversion in total hip replacement.

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. BACK GROUND: In total hip replacement, the placement of the cup is critical as inaccurate placement can cause impingement, accelerated wear and dislocations. The position of the cup is assessed by abduction and anteversion. There are many radiological methods available for this purpose, while the reliability and validity of the methods have not been adequately done. Calculation by CT method is a gold standard. The aim of study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of all the methods. METHODS: In 30 hips of 25 consecutive patients, 13 females and 12 males who underwent primary total hip replacement in our institution, the component version in all the five radiological methods was calculated and compared with CT evaluation of angles. The intra- and interobserver reliabilities were assessed. RESULTS: Average CT measurement was 23.28 for anteversion. Lewinnek, Liaw, Hassan, Widmer and Ritun methods had average deviation of 4.330, 4.390, 4.880, 6.840 and 6.220, respectively. All the radiographic and CT methods had excellent intra- and interobserver reliabilities (C.I. 0.894-0.960 and 0.861-0.953). All the methods except Widmer had a significant validity against CT. CONCLUSION: Plain X-rays (AP) are reliable for measuring cup anteversion. Lewinnek, Liaw, Riten and Hassans methods for calculation of cup anteversion are closer to CT in accuracy (p value >0.05). Widmer method varies significantly (p value <0.05) from CT.

Evaluation of alignment in total knee arthroplasty: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Successful results of knee arthroplasty demand precise surgical technique, sound implant design, kinematics, appropriate materials and patient compliance with rehabilitation. The precision with which the implants are placed directly affects patient outcome as implant position and alignment influence the stability, durability and patellar tracking. Evaluating the alignment in total knee arthroplasty and functional outcome with respect to the alignment is the need of the hour. AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: (1) To evaluate the accuracy of the overall limb alignment and component alignment in jig-assisted TKR. (2) To evaluate the functional outcome with respect to the alignment parameters. METHODOLOGY: This is a prospective study of 120 knees in 80 patients that underwent total knee replacement at Victoria and Bowring and Lady Curzon hospitals. Patients were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and evaluated using knee society score at regular follow-up. Preoperative and postoperative standing 'long-leg radiographs' and postoperative CT scans were taken from all the patients. In our study, we had 54 female patients and 26 male patients. Indications were OA in 72 and RA in 48 knees. The average follow-up period was 36 months. RESULTS: Preoperatively, all the patients had moderate to severe pain. Mechanical and tibiofemoral axes were outside the acceptable range. Postoperatively, with respect to mechanical axis, the inliers had significantly better knee score (p = 0.026) compared to the outliers. But the functional score did not show any significant difference between these two groups (p = 0.2093). Inliers in tibiofemoral axis alignment parameter had extremely significant better knee score (p = 0.0001) and also functional score (p = 0.0082) compared to outliers group. Sagittal and rotational femoral component angles in all 120 cases were coming within the 'inliers group'. Similarly, the sagittal, the coronal and the rotational component angles of tibia were also coming under inliers group in all 120 replaced knees. CONCLUSION: Aligning the mechanical axis, tibiofemoral angle within (0° ± 3°) and placement of prostheses within (0° ± 3°) to the normal alignment in all the three planes significantly produce excellent result with respect to functional outcome.

'Potato peel dressing': a novel adjunctive in the management of necrotizing fasciitis.

Management of necrotizing fasciitis, a rare and potentially fatal, polymicrobial disease comprises of aggressive debridement, intravenous antibiotics and application of various adjunctives. So far adjunctives like hyperbaric oxygen therapy, intravenous immunoglobulins, vacuum assisted or foam dressing, and guided tissue regeneration with amniotic dressing have been put to use. Each of these adjunctives has faced criticism for their shortcomings. Potato peel has been used as a dressing for chronic wounds but there is no literature available on its application over wounds afflicted with necrotizing fasciitis. Owing to various medicinal properties of potato peel and its use as a dressing in other medical conditions, same was used as an adjunctive in the present case. Here we present a case of cervical necrotizing fasciitis of dentogenous origin, treated by mainstay surgical treatment with debridement, drainage in combination with broad spectrum antibiotics and a novel adjunctive, 'potato peel dressing', which has shown promising results.

Unusual oral complications of herpes zoster infection: report of a case and review of literature.

A case of herpes zoster infection with unusual oral complications involving the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve is presented. The post-herpetic complications of osteonecrosis, spontaneous exfoliation of teeth, and subsequent pathologic fracture of mandible in the absence of concurrent predisposing factors in a 65-year-old man are demonstrated. Forty-one cases with osteonecrosis and spontaneous exfoliation of teeth previously presented in the literature are reviewed. This is the first report of pathologic fracture after herpes zoster infection.

Comparison of 3-dimensional and standard miniplate fixation in the management of mandibular fractures.

PURPOSE: The aim of this follow-up study was to compare 3-dimensional (3D) and standard (Champy's) miniplate fixation in the management of mandibular fractures, and to analyze advantages and disadvantages of one over the other. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective randomized clinical trial was carried out in patients with well-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were followed for 2 months for wound dehiscence, infection, segmental mobility, postoperative occlusion, significant period of postoperative complications, and radiological evaluation of reduction and fixation. RESULTS: Twenty patients were enrolled in both the groups with no case of wound dehiscence. In group 1, 2 patients had mild segmental mobility (P = .07), 2 patients had surgical site infection (P = .07), and 2 patients involving mental nerve had involved roots of teeth (P = .07). Radiological evaluation did not show any statistically significant difference in reduction (P = 1.4), but showed a significant difference (P = .03) in fixation between the 2 groups, especially in cases involving the mental nerve (ie, fracture near or involving the mental foramen) and oblique fractures. CONCLUSION: Champy's miniplate system is a better and easier method than the 3D miniplate system for fixation of mandibular fractures. In comparison, the 3D miniplate system is unfavorable for use in cases of oblique fractures and those involving the mental nerve, and is also difficult to adapt. In most cases, it provides good stability but with excessive implant material because of extra vertical bars incorporated for countering the torque forces. However, operative time is less because of simultaneous stabilization at both superior and inferior borders.

Jarcho-Levin syndrome.

Jarcho-Levin syndrome is an eponym that represents a spectrum of short trunk skeletal dysplasias with variable involvement of the vertebrae and ribs. Initially considered to be lethal, it is now accepted as compatible with life in its milder presentations. Here are reported two neonates with the lethal variety of this syndrome. One neonate had associated anomalies like hydrocephalus, hydroureteronephrosis and meningomyelocoele while the other had no additional anomalies. Also is reviewed the literature regarding this less understood disorder focusing on the applied clinical aspects that have stemmed out from the recent molecular research.

Synthesis and evaluation of 2-chloromethyl-3-N-substituted arylthieno (2,3-d)pyrimidin-4-ones and derivatives for central nervous system depressant activity.

2-Chloromethyl 3-N-substituted arylthieno (2,3-d)pyrimidin-4-ones and derivatives were synthesized by reacting 2-amino-3-carboxanilido-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo(b)thiophenes (Iabc) with chloroacetyl chloride in dioxane and by cyclizing the open chain 3-substituted carboxanilido-2-(omega-chloroacetamido)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobe nzo(b)thiophenes (IIabc) under acidic condition. The compounds were characterized by their spectral data and screened for central nervous system depressant activity. The compounds IIIabc and Vabc have shown marked sedative action.