ABSTRACT
Environmental factors including pollution affect human health, and the unifying factor in determining toxicity and pathogenesis for a wide array of environmental factors is oxidative stress. Here, we created the oxidative environment with 2,2-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and consequent cardiac remodeling in chick embryos. The metabolite fingerprint of heart tissue was obtained from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis. The global lipidomic analysis was done using electrospray ionization coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) by precursor ion scanning and neutral loss scanning methods. Further, the fatty acid levels were quantified in AAPH-treated H9c2 cardiomyoblasts with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Lipidomic fingerprinting study indicated that majority of differentially expressed phospholipids species in heart tissue belonged to ether phosphatidylcholine (ePC) species, and we conclude that excess oxidative environment may alter the phospholipid metabolism at earlier stages of cardiac remodeling.
Subject(s)
Amidines/toxicity , Fatty Acids/metabolism , Heart/drug effects , Myocardium , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Phospholipids/metabolism , Animals , Cell Line , Chick Embryo , Heart/embryology , Metabolomics , Myoblasts, Cardiac/drug effects , Myoblasts, Cardiac/metabolism , Myocardium/metabolism , Myocardium/pathology , Oxidation-Reduction , RatsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 can be difficult to treat. The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of two therapeutic options: percutaneous radiofrequency thermal lumbar sympathectomy and lumbar sympathetic neurolysis. METHODS: We randomized 20 patients to receive percutaneous radiofrequency lumbar sympathectomy or lumbar sympathetic neurolysis with phenol 7% in lower limb complex regional pain syndrome type 1. The study end points were pain relief and side effects. RESULTS: Within each group, there were statistically significant reductions from baseline in various pain scores after the procedure. However, there was no statistically significant difference in mean pain scores between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this pilot study, radiofrequency lumbar sympathectomy may be comparable to phenol lumbar sympathectomy. A larger trial is required to confirm these findings.
