ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The role of breakfast as an essential part of an healthy diet has been only recently promoted even if breakfast practices were known since the Middle Age. The growing scientific evidences on this topic are extremely sector-based nevertheless breakfast could be regarded from different point of views and from different expertises. This approach, that take into account history, sociology, anthropology, medicine, psychology and pedagogy, is useful to better understand the value of this meal in our culture. The aim of this paper was to analyse breakfast-related issues based on a multidisciplinary approach with input by specialists from different fields of learning. DISCUSSION: Breakfast is now recommended as part of a diet because it is associated with healthier macro- and micronutrient intakes, body mass index and lifestyle. Moreover recent studies showed that breakfast improves cognitive function, intuitive perception and academic performance. Research demonstrates the importance of providing breakfast not only to children but in adults and elderly too. Although the important role breakfast plays in maintaining the health, epidemiological data from industrialised countries reveal that many individuals either eat a nutritionally unhealthy breakfast or skip it completely. SUMMARY: The historical, bio-psychological and educational value of breakfast in our culture is extremely important and should be recognized and stressed by the scientific community. Efforts should be done to promote this practice for the individual health and well-being.
Subject(s)
Breakfast , Feeding Behavior , Health Promotion , Interdisciplinary Communication , Adult , Aged , Child , Cognition , Energy Metabolism , Evidence-Based Medicine , Humans , Italy , MicronutrientsABSTRACT
Descreve a idade, o aparecimento sincronico ou metacronico das neoplasias, tipo e grau histologico, estadiamento, tratamento e evolucao de mulheres com carcionomas primarios de mama e ovario. Sao relatos cinco casos de pacientes com tumores primarios de mama e ovario selecionadas entre as 287 mulheres com carcinoma do ovario atendidas no Centro de Atencao Integra a Saude da Mulher, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, entre 1986 e 1997. A idade media ao primeiro diagnostico foi de 52 anos (minima de 44 e maxima de 64 anos). Quatro (caso 2, 3, 4 e 5) entre os cinco tumores de mama eram do tipo carcinoma ductal e todos eram de grau histologico III. Em relacao aos tumores de ovario, tres mulheres apresentavam adenocarcinoma papilifero (caso 1, 3 e 4) e o caso 2 apresentava um carcinoma endometrioide. O caso 5 apresentava um adernocarcinoma indiferenciado, porem limitado a apenas um ovario e com extensao linfonodal para-ortica. Todas as neoplasias de ovario foram diagnosticadas em estado avancado. Em dois casos, o diagnostico foi sincronico e, em tres casos, metacronico como tumor mamario. Destes, dois tinham o diagnostico inicial de neoplasia de mama e em um caso o primeiro tumor foi de ovario. O intervalo medio de diagnostico dos tumores metacronicos foi de 38 meses. Apesar de raro, o cancer primario de mama e de ovario podem coexistir na mesma paciente, devendo o medico estar atento para a presenca de massa anexial em pacientes com neoplasia de mama, assim como para a presenca de nodulo da mama em pacientes com neoplasia de ovario. O tratamento deve ser completo para ambas as neoplasias
