ABSTRACT
En Argentina, no existen datos regionales de intervalos de referencia de minerales en cerdos según las líneas genéticas actuales y distintas categorías de producción en sistema intensivo. Por ello, el objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar intervalos de minerales: calcio, fósforo, magnesio, sodio, potasio, hierro, cobre y cinc, en suero de cerdos en establecimientos del centro de Santa Fe y de Entre Ríos. Se trabajó con 300 muestras de sangre de cerdos sanos de dos líneas genéticas diferentes en las categorías de lechones recién nacidos, lechones destetados, hembras nulíparas gestantes seleccionadas fenotípicamente para la reposición del plantel, y hembras multíparas gestantes. Se determinaron las concentraciones séricas de los minerales por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica (FAAS) con un equipo Perkin Elmer modelo Analys 200, con métodos oficiales de AOAC. Se analizaron también muestras de agua. Los intervalos de referencia se calcularon utilizando parámetros paramétricos o no paramétricos dependiendo de la distribución de los datos. Los valores medios, medianas, valores mínimo y máximo e intervalos de referencia, para los distintos minerales en cada categoría productiva, se presentan en tablas. Los intervalos de referencia calculados serán útiles para el diagnóstico de deficiencias mineral y la vigilancia nutricional en cerdo de producción de carne.
In Argentina, there is no regional data on mineral reference intervals in swine, according to the genetic lines, categories of production in intensive systems. The objective of this study was to establish ranges of the following serum minerals: calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, copper and zinc, in swine farmed in Santa Fe and Entre Ríos. Blood samples were collected from 300 healthy pigs of two different genetic lines belonging to the following categories: newborn piglets, weaned piglets, pregnant nulliparous females selected for re-stocking, and pregnant multiparous females. Serum concentrations of minerals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) with a Perkin Elmer model Analys 200 and using official AOAC methods. Water samples were also analyzed. Reference intervals were calculated using parametric or nonparametric methods on basis of data distribution. Mean, median, minimum, maximum values and reference intervals for different minerals were tabulated. The reference intervals calculated in this study will be useful for the diagnosis of mineral deficiencies and nutritional monitoring in meat production pigs.
ABSTRACT
Khellin and khelloside (khellol glucoside) were examined in female cynomolgus monkeys to substantiate their ability to favorably modify serum lipoprotein cholesterol. Clinical chemistry parameters were also measured to obtain information indicative of possible drug toxicity. Both drugs were evaluated in two week multiple-dose studies and after a single oral dose. After two weeks at 20 mg/kg per day, khellin and khelloside significantly lowered low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by 87% and 73%, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) by 41% and 23%, and total-C by 55% and 44%, respectively. Very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were not changed. No apparent toxicity was observed as clinical chemistry parameters and body weights were not different compared to control values. Similar results were observed with lower doses of khellin and khelloside. Khellin at 5 mg/kg per day reduced LDL-C by 50%, HDL-C by 15%, and total-C by 30%, while khellol glucoside at 10 mg/kg per day lowered LDL-C by 46%, HDL-C by 20%, and total-C by 31%. Neither drug produced significant changes in VLDL-C, TG, body weights, or clinical chemistry variables. A 2 mg/kg per day dose of khellin also had no observable effect in this study. Single oral doses (20 mg/kg) of khellin and khelloside caused modulation of LDL-C (-32% and -30%) and total-C (-18% and -15%). Visual observation of the monkeys during this study revealed that khellin caused emesis in 9/9 animals, while khelloside and control had no emetic effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
