ABSTRACT
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1 (BMP1) inhibition is a potential method for treating fibrosis because BMP1, a member of the zinc metalloprotease family, is required to convert pro-collagen to collagen. A novel class of reverse hydroxamate BMP1 inhibitors was discovered, and cocrystal structures with BMP1 were obtained. The observed binding mode is unique in that the small molecule occupies the nonprime side of the metalloprotease pocket providing an opportunity to build in metalloprotease selectivity. Structure-guided modification of the initial hit led to the identification of an oral in vivo tool compound with selectivity over other metalloproteases. Due to irreversible inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 for this chemical class, the risk of potential drug-drug interactions was managed by optimizing the series for subcutaneous injection.
ABSTRACT
Lead optimization of piperidine amide HTS hits, based on an anilino-thiazole core, led to the identification of analogs which displayed low nanomolar blocking activity at the canonical transient receptor channels 3 and 6 (TRPC3 & 6) based on FLIPR (carbachol stimulated) and electrophysiology (OAG stimulated) assays. In addition, the anilino-thiazole amides displayed good selectivity over other TRP channels (TRPA1, TRPV1, and TRPV4), as well as against cardiac ion channels (CaV1.2, hERG, and NaV1.5). The high oxidation potential of the aliphatic piperidine and aniline groups, as well as the lability of the thiazole amide group contributed to the high clearance observed for this class of compounds. Conversion of an isoquinoline amide to a naphthyridine amide markedly reduced clearance for the bicyclic piperidines, and improved oral bioavailability for this compound series, however TRPC3 and TRPC6 blocking activity was reduced substantially. Although the most potent anilino-thiazole amides ultimately lacked oral exposure in rodents and were not suitable for chronic dosing, analogs such as 14-19, 22, and 23 are potentially valuable in vitro tool compounds for investigating the role of TRPC3 and TRPC6 in cardiovascular disease.
Subject(s)
Aniline Compounds/chemistry , Aniline Compounds/pharmacology , TRPC Cation Channels/antagonists & inhibitors , Thiazoles/chemistry , Thiazoles/pharmacology , Diglycerides/metabolism , Drug Discovery , HEK293 Cells , Humans , TRPC Cation Channels/metabolism , TRPC6 Cation ChannelABSTRACT
We have designed and synthesized a novel series of pyrrolidinones as progesterone receptor partial agonists. Compounds from this series had improved AR selectivity, rat pharmacokinetic properties, and in vivo potency compared to the lead compound. In addition, these compounds had improved selectivity against hERG channel inhibition.
Subject(s)
Pyrrolidinones/chemistry , Receptors, Progesterone/agonists , Administration, Oral , Animals , Binding Sites , Drug Discovery , Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels/metabolism , Haplorhini , Humans , Pyrrolidinones/chemical synthesis , Pyrrolidinones/pharmacokinetics , Rats , Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
The lead serum and glucocorticoid-related kinase 1 (SGK1) inhibitors 4-(5-phenyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)benzoic acid (1) and {4-[5-(2-naphthalenyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl]phenyl}acetic acid (2) suffer from low DNAUC values in rat, due in part to formation and excretion of glucuronic acid conjugates. These PK/glucuronidation issues were addressed either by incorporating a substituent on the 3-phenyl ring ortho to the key carboxylate functionality of 1 or by substituting on the group in between the carboxylate and phenyl ring of 2. Three of these analogs have been identified as having good SGK1 inhibition potency and have DNAUC values suitable for in vivo testing.
Subject(s)
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Immediate-Early Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , Administration, Oral , Animals , Biological Availability , Drug Design , Glucocorticoids/chemistry , Glucuronic Acid/chemistry , Immediate-Early Proteins/chemistry , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Models, Chemical , Molecular Conformation , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/antagonists & inhibitors , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry , Rats , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
Two classes of amino acid-derived heterocyclic progesterone receptor ligands were developed to address the metabolic issues posed by the dimethyl amide functionality of the lead compound (1). The tetrazole-derived ligands behaved as potent partial agonists, while the 1,2,4-triazole ligands behaved as potent full agonists.
