Subject(s)
Melanoma , Skin Neoplasms , Humans , Melanoma/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Prognosis , Neoplasm StagingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Melanomas developing on anatomic sites other than the trunk and extremities have a special pathogenetic and mutational profile, morphologic characteristics and biologic behaviour. OBJECTIVE: By retrospectively screening the databases of our centres, we aimed to investigate the dermatoscopic morphology of early scalp melanoma, including in situ and invasive tumours with a Breslow thickness up to 1 mm. METHODS: The databases of three specialized centres for skin cancer diagnosis and management in Greece were retrospectively evaluated to retrieve dermatoscopic images of scalp melanomas. Patients' age and sex were recorded, as well as the precise location of the tumour, using 6 possible sub-locations: frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, nuchal scalp and vertex. The dermatoscopic images were evaluated by 3 independent investigators for the presence of pre-defined criteria. The dermatoscopic criteria included in the evaluation were selected based on available literature and were categorized in 2 groups: 'classic melanoma criteria' and 'lentigo maligna (LM) criteria'. RESULTS: Of 38 melanomas, 37 (97.4%) displayed brown colour and 23 (60.5%) displayed additional grey or blue colour. The most frequent dermatoscopic criteria were regression (18/38, 47.4%), grey dots/globules (17/38, 44.7%), atypical network (16/38, 42.1%), obliterated follicles (16/38, 42.1%) and angulated lines (15/38, 39.5%). Of 38 melanomas, 28 (73.7%) displayed at least 1 classic melanoma criterion plus at least 1 LM criterion. Of the remaining melanomas, 8 (21.1%) displayed only classic melanoma criteria, 1 (2.6%) only LM criteria and 1 (2.6%) did not exhibit any of the evaluated criteria. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that early scalp melanoma combines classic with LM criteria in terms of colours and structures.
Subject(s)
Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle , Melanoma , Skin Neoplasms , Dermoscopy/methods , Humans , Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle/pathology , Melanoma/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Scalp/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip accounts for 20% of all oral carcinomas. Its diagnosis may be challenging because it clinically resembles actinic cheilitis and inflammatory lesions of the lips. OBJECTIVES: To determine clinical and dermatoscopic predictors of squamous cell carcinoma of the lip vs. other lip lesions. METHODS: Multicentre retrospective morphological study, including histologically confirmed cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the lip and controls consisting of actinic cheilitis and inflammatory lesions of the lips. Clinical and dermatoscopic images were evaluated for the presence of predefined criteria. Crude and adjusted odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression respectively. RESULTS: A total of 177 lip lesions were evaluated, 107 (60.5%) were squamous cell carcinomas and 70 (39.5%) were controls. The most frequent dermatoscopic criteria of lip squamous cell carcinoma were scales (100%), white halos (87.3%) and ulceration (79.4%). The majority of squamous cell carcinomas displayed polymorphic vessels (60.8%), with linear (68.6%) and hairpin (67.6%) being the most frequent types. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that clinical predictors of lip squamous cell carcinoma were exophytic appearance and clinical hyperkeratosis, with 43-fold and 6-fold higher probability respectively. White clods and ulceration in dermoscopy presented a 6-fold and 4-fold increased risk for squamous cell carcinoma respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A scaly lesion with exophytic growth, dermatoscopically displaying white clods, ulceration and linear and hairpin vessels is very likely a squamous cell carcinoma of the lip.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Cheilitis , Lip Neoplasms , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Lip/diagnostic imaging , Lip Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Lip Neoplasms/epidemiology , Retrospective StudiesSubject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents , Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle , Skin Neoplasms , Aminoquinolines/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Humans , Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle/drug therapy , Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle/surgery , Imiquimod/therapeutic use , Off-Label Use , Skin Neoplasms/drug therapyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: hERG1 channels are aberrantly expressed in human cancers. The expression, functional role and clinical significance of hERG1 channels in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is lacking. METHODS: hERG1 expression was tested in PDAC primary samples assembled as tissue microarray by immunohistochemistry using an anti-hERG1 monoclonal antibody (α-hERG1-MoAb). The functional role of hERG1 was studied in PDAC cell lines and primary cultures. ERG1 expression during PDAC progression was studied in Pdx-1-Cre,LSL-Kras(G12D/+),LSL-Trp53(R175H/+) transgenic (KPC) mice. ERG1 expression in vivo was determined by optical imaging using Alexa-680-labelled α-hERG1-MoAb. RESULTS: (i) hERG1 was expressed at high levels in 59% of primary PDAC; (ii) hERG1 blockade decreased PDAC cell growth and migration; (iii) hERG1 was physically and functionally linked to the Epidermal Growth Factor-Receptor pathway; (iv) in transgenic mice, ERG1 was expressed in PanIN lesions, reaching high expression levels in PDAC; (v) PDAC patients whose primary tumour showed high hERG1 expression had a worse prognosis; (vi) the α-hERG1-MoAb could detect PDAC in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: hERG1 regulates PDAC malignancy and its expression, once validated in a larger cohort also comprising of late-stage, non-surgically resected cases, may be exploited for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in PDAC either ex vivo or in vivo.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism , Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels/metabolism , Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Animals , Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics , Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement/physiology , Cell Proliferation/physiology , ERG1 Potassium Channel , ErbB Receptors/genetics , ErbB Receptors/metabolism , Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels/genetics , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Heterografts , Humans , Male , Mice , Mice, Nude , Mice, Transgenic , Middle Aged , Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics , Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology , PrognosisABSTRACT
Introduction: Hydatidosis is an endemic disease in our country caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. The lung is the second most affected organ in humans. Objective: To review the results of surgical treatment of pulmonary hydatidosis in Hospital Base Osorno and analyze its presentation, surgical treatment and results of complicated and uncomplicated forms. Material and Methods: Retrospective case series of patients with pulmonary hydatidosis operated at the Surgery Department of Hospital Base Osorno between January 2001 and may 2011. Results: We reviewed data from 27 patients (21 men and 6 women) with 39 pulmonary hydatid cysts in total. The average age was 35 +/- 16.2. The average number of cysts per patient was 1.4 +/- 0.6. Four patients (15 percent) had bilateral disease. Fifteen patients (55.5 percent) had complicated cysts and 12 (44.5 percent) had uncomplicated cysts. Fever and cough were significantly more frequent in patients with complicated cysts (p < 0.05). Twenty nine pericystectomies with capitonaje were performed, 9 without capitonaje and one right lower lobectomy. There were no significant differences in morbidity and mortality between groups. Discussion: Pulmonary hydatidosis has a low frequency of occurrence, debuting mainly in young patients. Their complicated forms differ in some aspects of their presentation with uncomplicated cysts; however, in our series there were no differences in postoperative results.
Introducción: La hidatidosis es una enfermedad endémica en nuestro país, producida por el céstodo Echinococcus granulosus. El pulmón es el segundo órgano más afectado en el humano. Objetivo: Revisar los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de la hidatidosis pulmonar en el Hospital Base Osorno y analizar su presentación, tratamiento quirúrgico y resultados de sus formas complicada y no complicada. Material y Métodos: Serie de casos retrospectiva de pacientes con hidatidosis pulmonar intervenidos en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital Base Osorno entre enero de 2001 y mayo de 2011. Resultados: Se revisaron los datos de 27 pacientes (21 hombres y 6 mujeres) con 39 quistes hidatídicos pulmonares en total. El promedio de edad fue 35 +/- 16,2 años. El promedio de quistes por paciente fue de 1,4 +/- 0,6. Cuatro pacientes (15 por ciento) presentaron enfermedad bilateral. Quince pacientes (55,5 por ciento) presentaron quistes complicados y 12 (44,5 por ciento) no complicados. La fiebre y la tos fueron significativamente más frecuentes en los pacientes con quistes complicados (p < 0,05). Se realizaron 29 periquistectomías asociadas a capitonaje, 9 sin capitonaje y una lobectomía inferior derecha. No hubo diferencias significativas en cuanto a morbilidad ni mortalidad entre los grupos. Discusión: La hidatidosis pulmonar tiene una baja frecuencia de presentación, debutando principalmente en pacientes jóvenes. Sus formas complicadas difieren en algunos aspectos de su presentación con los quistes no complicados, sin embargo, en nuestra serie no se encontraron diferencias en los resultados postoperatorios.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Echinococcosis, Pulmonary/surgery , Echinococcosis, Pulmonary/complications , Follow-Up Studies , Length of Stay , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Thoracotomy , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
A combination of an aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) and a bicarotid trunk (BCT) appears in up to 2.5% of the population. The aim of this study is to report the higher total and male incidence of this variation in the literature and to summarise its clinical impact, providing useful knowledge to anatomists, radiologists, cardiologists, and vascular and thoracic surgeons in order to avoid diagnostic pitfalls and therapeutic complications. A total of 72 (43 female and 29 male) Greek Caucasian formalin-embalmed cadavers were studied. The international literature was reviewed along with the dissection archives of the Department of Anatomy from 1986 to 2009. Two male cadavers were found to have an ARSA combined with a BCT (incidence: total 2.78%, males 6.9%, females 0%). Both aortic arches consisted of three branches: (1) the BCT, (2) the left subclavian artery, and (3) the ARSA. The common carotids followed a normal route to the neck; the ARSA passed between the trachea and the oesophagus in the first case and behind the oesophagus in the second case, and was accompanied by a non-recurrent laryngeal nerve. In the second cadaver the ARSA formed a sharp angle (kinking/buckling) on its route to the right arm. The ARSA is associated with several congenital cardiovascular anomalies and some chromosomal and other syndromes. It is occasionaly responsible for causing dysphagia, dyspnoea, or acute ischaemia to the right upper limb, and it may present as a superior mediastinal mass in cases of aneurysm formation.
Subject(s)
Aorta, Thoracic/abnormalities , Brachiocephalic Trunk/abnormalities , Carotid Artery, Common/abnormalities , Subclavian Artery/abnormalities , Vascular Malformations/diagnosis , Vascular Malformations/embryology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aorta, Thoracic/physiology , Brachiocephalic Trunk/physiology , Carotid Artery, Common/physiology , Deglutition Disorders/diagnosis , Deglutition Disorders/physiopathology , Dyspnea/diagnosis , Dyspnea/physiopathology , Esophagus/abnormalities , Female , Humans , Male , Subclavian Artery/physiology , Trachea/abnormalities , Vascular Malformations/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Introducción: La videotoracoscopía constituye un abordaje mínimamente invasivo del tórax de gran desarrollo en las últimas décadas, permitiendo la realización de prácticamente todos los procedimientos quirúrgicos del tórax. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar nuestra experiencia inicial con el uso de la videotoracoscopía, sus resultados y realizar una revisión de la literatura. Material y métodos: Se revisó una serie de casos retrospectiva de todos los pacientes intervenidos por vía videotoracoscópica en el Hospital Base Osorno, entre Octubre del 2005 y Septiembre del 2011. Resultados: Se realizaron 31 videotoracoscopías en 29 pacientes. Dieciocho (62 por ciento) pacientes fueron de sexo masculino y 11 (28 por ciento) de sexo femenino. La edad promedio fue de 46,2 +- 16 años de edad. Las indicaciones más frecuentes fueron: estudio de nódulos pulmonares sospechosos de metástasis, empiema pleural y derrame pleural en estudio. Los procedimientos realizados con mayor frecuencia fueron debridaje y aseo, biopsia incisional y biopsia en cuña de nódulos pulmonares. El tiempo operatorio promedio fue de 80,1 +- 43,4 minutos. El tiempo de hospitalización post operatoria promedio fue de 10 +- 10,1 días (rango 1 a 36 días). No hubo mortalidad perioperatoria en la serie. Discusión: Nuestros resultados son satisfactorios y acorde a los reportados en la literatura.
Introduction: the video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) is a minimally invasive approach to thoracic surgery with a great development in recent decades, allowing the performance of almost all thoracic surgical procedures. The aim of this study is to present our initial experience with the use of VATS, its results and review the literature. Material and methods: We reviewed a retrospective case series of all patients undergoing VATS in the Hospital Base Osorno between October 2005 and September 2011. Results: We performed 31 VATS in 29 patients. Eighteen (62 percent patients were male and 11 (28 percent female. The average age was 46.2 +- 16 years. The most frequent indications were: study of suspected pulmonary metastasis, pleural empyema and pleura effusion. The most frequently performed procedures were drainage, incisional biopsy and wedge biopsy of lung nodules. The mean operative time was 80.1 +- 43.4 minutes. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 10 +- 10.1 days (range 1 to 36 days). There was no mortality. Discussion: Our results are satisfactory and consistent with those reported in the literature.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted/methods , Empyema, Pleural/surgery , Pneumothorax/surgery , Thoracoscopy/methods , Pleural Effusion/surgery , Length of Stay , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures , Pericardial Window Techniques , Retrospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Se define pleuroneumonía a las neumonías que presentan compromiso inflamatorio pleural, asociado o no a derrame pleural. Su tratamiento se basa en el empleo juicioso y precoz de antibióticos y/o drenaje pleural, y/o fibrinolíticos; y/o debridación por videotoracoscopía; y/o decorticación por toracotomÍa. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue determinar el comportamiento de las pleuroneumonías en HCRV, en pacientes menores de 15 años, caracterizando la clínica, su evolución, tratamientos efectuados y la efectividad de éstos; mediante un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de las fichas clínicas con diagnóstico de egreso de Pleuroneumonía en el HCRV, entre enero del 2000 y diciembre del 2005. Se registraron 75 casos de Pleuroneumonía en un número de 6 a 16 casos por año; en edades entre 6 meses y 14 años 10 meses; con predominio del grupo etario Lactantes. Uno de cada cuatro pacientes requirió algún tipo de intervención quirúrgica. Se concluye que las pleuroneumonías si bien son infrecuentes, significan una alta morbilidad para los pacientes y su manejo requiere de protocolos que permitan un actuar oportuno y seguro.
