ABSTRACT
The oil industry has inherent risks of spills or leaks due to natural or anthropogenic causes, which cause alterations in the soil and damage to the plant. An experiment was carried to investigate the effect of oil on the growth, biomass production, biosynthesis of crude protein of Leersia hexandra grass and the remove of oil from the soil. The results showed different responses by L. hexandra depending on the age, low concentrations of oil induced a significant increase in stolon length, in relative growth rate, in dry matter production and in the biosynthesis of crude protein. The same parameters decreased at high concentrations of oil. However, at the end of the evaluation period of 180 days, high concentrations of oil induced a significant increase in the number of young plants and secondary roots, the terminal third of the main root and root dry matter. The dose response curves had the shape of an inverted U, showing that at days 15, 45, 90 and 180, in stolon length, aerial dry matter production, crude protein (day 90) and young plants (days 45 and 90) exhibited a typical biphasic response. The increase in oil concentration correlated with increases in young plants, number of secondary roots, number of roots at the middle, terminal third and root dry matter. After 180 days exposure the rhizosphere of L. hexandra a total oil removal of oil of 76.7 ± 4 was achieved; 61.7, 51, 44.6, 38 and 52% in soils that initially contained 7.9, 54, 102, 126, 145 and 238 g oil.
Subject(s)
Hormesis/physiology , Petroleum Pollution/adverse effects , Poaceae/physiology , Rhizosphere , Soil Pollutants/adverse effects , Biodegradation, Environmental , Clay , Mexico , Soil/chemistry , Stress, PhysiologicalABSTRACT
Aiming at evaluating hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) and sacharina as supplements for young bulls, four crossbred animals were displayed in a Latin square experimental design. The following treatments were performed: 1 75% pasture + 25% concentrate; 2 50% pasture + 25% concentrate + 25% hibiscus; 3 50% pasture + 25% concentrate + 25% saccharina; and 4 25% pasture + 25% concentrate + 25% hibiscus + 25% saccharina. Diet composition, rumen fermentation, DM and CP degradation rates were evaluated. Rumen pH values varied from 5.82 to 6.98, for diets supplemented with hibiscus, at 9h post-feeding, and with saccharina, at the feeding moment. Ammonia N contents did not present great changes when only hibiscus or saccharina were added to the diet, but there was a significant effect when both were added (P 0.001). Rumen SCFA concentrations were lower due to saccharine presence in the diet (P 0.01). Sacharina diet presented higher values for readily soluble fraction for DM and CP (P 0.01). Sacharina promoted a higher effect on DM degradation of total diets (P 0.05). Hibiscus and saccharina inclusion increased the degradation of diets for grazing young bulls (P 0.05). Including these feed to the concentrate, the rumen environment and functionality were improved. Thus, it is viable the partial replacement of concentrate by the tested feed.KEYWORDS: Rumen fermentatio
Com o objetivo de avaliar hibisco e sacarina como suplementos para tourinhos, quatro animais cruzados foram distribuídos em um delineamento experimental de quadrado latino. Os tratamentos foram: 1 75% pasto + 25% concentrado; 2 50% pasto + 25% concentrado + 25% hibisco; 3 50% pasto + 25% concentrado + 25% sacarina; e 4 25% pasto + 25% concentrado + 25% hibisco + 25% sacarina. Foram avaliadas a composição das dietas, a fermentação ruminal e as taxas de degradação da MS e da PB. Os valores de pH ruminal variaram de 5,82 a 6,98 para as dietas suplementadas com hibisco, 9 horasoras após a alimentação e, com sacarina, no momento da alimentação. Os teores de N amoniacal não tiveram grandes alterações quando apenas hibisco ou sacarina foram acrescidos à dieta, mas houve efeito significativo quando ambos foram acrescentados (P>0,001). A concentração de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta do líquido ruminal diminuiu em virtude da presença de sacarina na dieta (P 0,01). A dieta com sacarina apresentou maior fração prontamente solúvel da MS e da PB (P 0,01). A sacarina promoveu maior efeito na degradação da MS das dietas totais (P 0,05). A inclusão de hibisco e de sacarina aumentou a degradação das dietas de tourinhos alimentados a pasto (P 0,05). Ao incluir esses alimentos, o ambiente e a funcionalidade ruminal foram melhorados. Considera-se viável, na suplementação,
ABSTRACT
Aiming at evaluating hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) and sacharina as supplements for young bulls, four crossbred animals were displayed in a Latin square experimental design. The following treatments were performed: 1 75% pasture + 25% concentrate; 2 50% pasture + 25% concentrate + 25% hibiscus; 3 50% pasture + 25% concentrate + 25% saccharina; and 4 25% pasture + 25% concentrate + 25% hibiscus + 25% saccharina. Diet composition, rumen fermentation, DM and CP degradation rates were evaluated. Rumen pH values varied from 5.82 to 6.98, for diets supplemented with hibiscus, at 9h post-feeding, and with saccharina, at the feeding moment. Ammonia N contents did not present great changes when only hibiscus or saccharina were added to the diet, but there was a significant effect when both were added (P 0.001). Rumen SCFA concentrations were lower due to saccharine presence in the diet (P 0.01). Sacharina diet presented higher values for readily soluble fraction for DM and CP (P 0.01). Sacharina promoted a higher effect on DM degradation of total diets (P 0.05). Hibiscus and saccharina inclusion increased the degradation of diets for grazing young bulls (P 0.05). Including these feed to the concentrate, the rumen environment and functionality were improved. Thus, it is viable the partial replacement of concentrate by the tested feed.KEYWORDS: Rumen fermentatio
Com o objetivo de avaliar hibisco e sacarina como suplementos para tourinhos, quatro animais cruzados foram distribuídos em um delineamento experimental de quadrado latino. Os tratamentos foram: 1 75% pasto + 25% concentrado; 2 50% pasto + 25% concentrado + 25% hibisco; 3 50% pasto + 25% concentrado + 25% sacarina; e 4 25% pasto + 25% concentrado + 25% hibisco + 25% sacarina. Foram avaliadas a composição das dietas, a fermentação ruminal e as taxas de degradação da MS e da PB. Os valores de pH ruminal variaram de 5,82 a 6,98 para as dietas suplementadas com hibisco, 9 horasoras após a alimentação e, com sacarina, no momento da alimentação. Os teores de N amoniacal não tiveram grandes alterações quando apenas hibisco ou sacarina foram acrescidos à dieta, mas houve efeito significativo quando ambos foram acrescentados (P>0,001). A concentração de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta do líquido ruminal diminuiu em virtude da presença de sacarina na dieta (P 0,01). A dieta com sacarina apresentou maior fração prontamente solúvel da MS e da PB (P 0,01). A sacarina promoveu maior efeito na degradação da MS das dietas totais (P 0,05). A inclusão de hibisco e de sacarina aumentou a degradação das dietas de tourinhos alimentados a pasto (P 0,05). Ao incluir esses alimentos, o ambiente e a funcionalidade ruminal foram melhorados. Considera-se viável, na suplementação,