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2.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 69(3): 242-254, abr.-jun. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-701177

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La calidad de vida relacionada a la salud es un constructo multidimensional que integra la percepción ante la enfermedad, el tratamiento y el funcionamiento en las áreas física, psicológica y de salud social de cada individuo. El objetivo de este estudio fue disponer de un instrumento confiable que evaluara la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud en niños mexicanos con leucemia linfoblástica aguda. Métodos. Primero, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura hasta el año 2011 y se seleccionaron algunos estudios a partir de Medline. Se identificó que el instrumento Pediatric Cancer Quality of Life Inventory (PCQL-3) es uno de los que más se ha utilizado para evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud en niños con leucemia linfoblástica aguda. Después, este instrumento se aplicó a 123 pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, así como a sus padres. Resultados. De la revisión sistemática, se seleccionaron 17 estudios acerca del desarrollo de instrumentos para medir la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud en niños con leucemia linfoblástica aguda, y 15 que describen la calidad de vida. En los 123 pacientes evaluados, se determinó que la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud fue menor en los niños con leucemia linfoblástica aguda de alto riesgo y en las etapas iniciales del tratamiento. También se pudo comprobar que las náuseas y la ansiedad ante los procedimientos son las áreas con mayor afección. Al analizar los resultados de la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud entre los pacientes y los padres, se determinó que existe una buena concordancia (α Cronbach = 0.834). Conclusiones. La medición de la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud en niños con leucemia linfoblástica aguda es parte fundamental para la evaluación integral de su tratamiento y pronóstico. La escala PCQL-3 fue apropiada para la población de niños mexicanos con leucemia linfoblástica aguda.


Background. Health related quality of life (HRQoL) is a multidimensional construct that integrates the individual perception to the disease, treatment, and performance in physical, psychological and social health areas. The aim of this study was to provide a reliable instrument to measure HRQoL in Mexican children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods. The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase we conducted a systematic review of the literature until 2011. Studies were selected from Medline. It was found that Pediatric Cancer Quality of Life Inventory (PCQL-3) is one of the most widely used instruments to assess HRQoL in children with ALL; therefore, it was applied to 123 patients treated at the Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez and to their parents in the second phase of the study. Results. From the systematic review, we selected 17 studies of the development of instruments to measure HRQoL in children with ALL, and 15 which described their quality of life. In the 123 patients evaluated, we found that HRQoL was lower among children with high-risk ALL and in those children during the early stages of treatment. It was also found that the most common conditions are nausea and anxiety related to medical procedures. Good agreement (Cronbach α = 0.834) was found in the scores of HRQoL between patients and parents. Conclusions. HRQoL measurement in children with ALL is a central part of the comprehensive assessment of their treatment and prognosis. The PCQL-3 scale is appropriate for its use in Mexican children.

3.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 69(3): 197-204, abr.-jun. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-701183

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La leucemia linfoblástica aguda es la neoplasia más común en menores de 15 años. Se han identificado factores pronósticos como la edad al diagnóstico, el sexo, la traslocación de genes y el estado nutricional, entre otros. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar algunos de estos factores en pacientes pediátricos con leucemia linfoblástica aguda afiliados al Seguro Popular, destacando los factores socioeconómicos. Métodos. Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo basado en la revisión de 391 expedientes clínicos de nueve hospitales con diferentes tasas de supervivencia, acreditados por el Seguro Popular. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos de variables y de supervivencia por el método Kaplan-Meier, utilizando el programa SPSS v 18.0. Resultados. Menos de la mitad de los pacientes (41.7%) fueron atendidos en hospitales de tercer nivel. Estos presentaron una tasa de supervivencia de 82% a cuatro años de seguimiento. Para los pacientes atendidos en hospitales de segundo nivel, la tasa de supervivencia fue de 55%. Los resultados mostraron que las características del hogar y familiares fueron factores pronósticos de supervivencia. Destacaron el mayor grado de educación, las redes sociales de apoyo y el número de proveedores económicos de la familia. Conclusiones. Los factores que intervienen en el pronóstico del paciente con leucemia linfoblástica aguda son diversos. Se mostró que los factores relacionados con la madre mejoran la supervivencia, aunque se requiere profundizar en este tema.


Introduction. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in children <15 years of age. Prognostic factors for survival have been identified such as age at diagnosis, sex, translocation of genes and nutritional status, among others. The aim of this study was to evaluate some of these factors in pediatric patients with ALL affiliated with the Seguro Popular insurance program with an emphasis on socioeconomic factors. Methods. This is a retrospective study based on the review of 391 clinical charts from nine hospitals accredited by the Seguro Popular insurance program with different survival rates. Descriptive and survival Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed with the statistical program SPSS v.18.0. Results. Less than half (41.7%) of the patients were treated at tertiary-care level hospitals with a 4-year survival rate at follow-up of 82%, whereas for secondary-care level hospitals the survival rate was 55%. Results show that household and parental characteristics were predictive of survival, in particular those with higher educational level, support networks and the number of family providers. Conclusions. Several factors are involved in the prognosis of ALL patients. Maternal factors improve survival, but these need to be thoroughly examined.

4.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 69(3): 205-211, abr.-jun. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-701184

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Se han identificado características de las unidades médicas que pueden considerarse como estándares ideales para la atención de pacientes pediátricos con cáncer. La implementación de estos estándares ha mejorado la sobrevida de los pacientes. Como parte de la evaluación de la calidad de la atención que reciben los niños con leucemia linfoblástica aguda afiliados al Seguro Popular, se analizó la relación entre la estructura de las unidades médicas y la mortalidad hospitalaria. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en nueve hospitales con distintas tasas de supervivencia. Se evaluó la estructura de estos hospitales, considerando los estándares nacionales (cédula de acreditación para la atención de niños con cáncer de la Dirección General de Calidad y Educación en Salud, DGCES) e internacionales. Resultados. Se observó una correlación positiva entre el puntaje de la cédula de acreditación de la DGCES y la supervivencia hospitalaria (r = 0.811, p = 0.001). Al considerar los estándares de referencia internacional, se detectaron deficiencias en la disponibilidad de recursos materiales y humanos. Los factores relacionados con la supervivencia fueron la presencia de residentes de oncología/hematología pediátrica (r = 0.543, p = 0.001), contar con cuartos aislados (r = 0.455, p = 0.008) y tomógrafo (r = 0.454, p = 0.008), el número de pacientes que atienden los médicos o enfermeras por jornada laboral (r = 0.443, p = 0.021), los médicos adscritos a oncología/hematología (r = 0.399, p = 0.021), infectólogo pediatra (r = 0.385, p = 0.027) y cirujano pediatra (r = 0.378, p = 0.030). Conclusiones. La estructura de las unidades médicas se relaciona con la supervivencia de los pacientes pediátricos con leucemia linfoblástica aguda. Se requiere garantizar que los hospitales cuenten con los recursos materiales y humanos necesarios para asegurar una adecuada calidad de la atención a estos pacientes.


Background. Characteristics of medical units that can be considered as ideal standards for pediatric cancer patients have been identified. Implementation of these standards has resulted in improved survival of these patients. As part of the evaluation of the quality of care of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) affiliated with the Seguro Popular insurance program, we examined the relationship between hospital structure and patient survival. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out in nine hospitals with different survival rates. We evaluated the structure of the hospitals considering national (accreditation program of the General Administration of Quality and Health Education-DGCES) and international standards. Results. There was a positive correlation between the score obtained from the accreditation program and hospital survival (r = 0.811, p = 0.001). When considering international reference standards, deficiencies in material and human resources were identified. Factors related to survival were pediatric oncology/hematology fellowship (r = 0.543, p = 0,001), isolation rooms (r = 0.455, p = 0.008), tomography (r = 0.454, p = 0.008), number of patients per physicians and nurses per shift (r = 0.443, p = 0.021), oncology/hematology physicians (r = 0.399, p = 0.021), pediatric infectious disease specialist (r = 0.385, p = 0.027) and pediatric surgeon (r = 0.378, p = 0.030). Conclusions. The structure of medical units is related to survival of pediatric patients with ALL. It is required that hospitals have human and material resources necessary for the optimal care of these patients.

5.
Rev Invest Clin ; 62(4): 289-98, 2010.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21222305

ABSTRACT

We review important aspects of the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) at the time of declaring the end of the contingency in Mexico. The pre-established surveillance system had to be modified during the course of the epidemic. From the first epidemic weeks, viral monitoring recorded the displacement of other pathogens by the pandemic virus. Patients at high risk for complications were identified together with the need for early treatment with antiviral drugs, thus avoiding the saturation of intensive care beds. The difficulties of surging services for seriously ill patients are described. Preventive measures such as the use of masks and hand hygiene are reviewed, as well as the vaccination drive and the difficulties for its application in health personnel. The review concludes with the need to learn the teachings of the pandemic, describing the necessary elements to prepare against the next one.


Subject(s)
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Pandemics , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Disaster Planning , Health Services Needs and Demand , Hospital Bed Capacity , Humans , Hygiene , Infection Control/organization & administration , Influenza Vaccines , Influenza, Human/drug therapy , Influenza, Human/nursing , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Mexico/epidemiology , Population Surveillance , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Vulnerable Populations
6.
Salud Publica Mex ; 51(5): 361-71, 2009.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19936549

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To carry out the epidemiological analysis of 122 influenza A (H1N1) deaths confirmed by laboratory and help to improve the diagnosis and timely managing of cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 122 clinical records were analyzed of patients with confirmed influenza A (H1N1) virus infection who died. RESULTS: Fifty-one percent of patients were female and 49% were male. A total of 45.l% who died were between 20 and 39 years old. Overall fatality was 2.2% and ranged between 0.3% for the l0 to l9 year-old group to 6.3% for the 50 to 59 year-old group. Forty-three percent of deaths were concentrated in only two of the thirty-two states and 5l% received medical attention in social security institutions. Only l7% received hospital attention within 72 hours and 42% died within 72 hours of hospital attention. DISCUSSION: Novel Influenza A (H1N1) virus produces higher mortality in young people whereas seasonal influenza has a greater impact on young children and older people. Delay in medical care and the associated morbidity were relevant factors for death.


Subject(s)
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype , Influenza, Human/mortality , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Young Adult
7.
Salud pública Méx ; 51(5): 361-371, Sept.-Oct. 2009. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-531226

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Efectuar el análisis epidemiológico de 122 defunciones por influenza A (H1N1) confirmadas por laboratorio y contribuir a mejorar el diagnóstico y atención oportuna de casos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se Analizaron 122 expedientes de pacientes fallecidos por influenza A (H1N1). RESULTADOS: Una proporción de 51 por ciento correspondió a mujeres y 49 por ciento a varones. Hasta 45.1 por ciento ocurrió entre los 20 y 39 años. La letalidad general fue de 2.2 por ciento y varió entre 0.3 por ciento en el grupo de 10 a 19 años y 6.3 por ciento en el de 50 a 59. Una cifra de 43 por ciento de las defunciones se concentró en dos de las 32 entidades federativas y 5l por ciento se atendió en instituciones de seguridad social. Sólo 17 por ciento recibió atención hospitalaria en las primeras 72 horas y 42 por ciento falleció en las primeras 72 horas de hospitalización. En 58.2 por ciento de los fallecidos había algún padecimiento asociado. DISCUSIÓN: El Nuevo virus A (H1N1) produce mayor mortalidad en personas jóvenes, al contrario de lo que sucede con la influenza estacional que muestra un mayor impacto en niños pequeños y personas de edad avanzada. El retraso de la atención médica y la morbilidad asociada fueron factores relevantes del fallecimiento.


OBJECTIVE: To carry out the epidemiological analysis of 122 influenza A (H1N1) deaths confirmed by laboratory and help to improve the diagnosis and timely managing of cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 122 clinical records were analyzed of patients with confirmed influenza A (H1N1) virus infection who died. RESULTS: Fifty-one percent of patients were female and 49 percent were male. A total of 45.l percent who died were between 20 and 39 years old. Overall fatality was 2.2 percent and ranged between 0.3 percent for the l0 to l9 year-old group to 6.3 percent for the 50 to 59 year-old group. Forty-three percent of deaths were concentrated in only two of the thirty-two states and 5l percent received medical attention in social security institutions. Only l7 percent received hospital attention within 72 hours and 42 percent died within 72 hours of hospital attention. DISCUSSION: Novel Influenza A (H1N1) virus produces higher mortality in young people whereas seasonal influenza has a greater impact on young children and older people. Delay in medical care and the associated morbidity were relevant factors for death.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype , Influenza, Human/mortality , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Mexico/epidemiology , Young Adult
8.
Health Res Policy Syst ; 7: 21, 2009 Sep 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19785747

ABSTRACT

Several influenza pandemics have taken place throughout history and it was assumed that the pandemic would emerge from a new human virus resulting from the adaptation of an avian virus strain. Mexico, since 2003 had developed a National Preparedness and Response Plan for an Influenza Pandemic focused in risk communication, health promotion, healthcare, epidemiological surveillance, strategic stockpile, research and development. This plan was challenged on April 2009, when a new influenza A(H1N1) strain of swine origen was detected in Mexico. The situation faced, the decisions and actions taken, allowed to control the first epidemic wave in the country. This document describes the critical moments faced and explicitly point out the lessons learned focused on the decided support by the government, the National Pandemic Influenza Plan, the coordination among all the government levels, the presence and solidarity of international organizations with timely and daily information, diagnosis and the positive effect on the population following the preventive hygienic measures recommended by the health authorities. The international community will be able to use the Mexican experience in the interest of global health.

9.
Rev. ADM ; 61(3): 109-116, mayo-jun. 2004. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-384110

ABSTRACT

Introducción: las alteraciones estomatológicas tienen una alta incidencia de acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud, en México se estima que el 90 por ciento de la población padece caries. Objetivo: identificar los principales conflictos por atención odontológica, manifestados en las quejas recibidas en la CONAMED, identificar sus principales características y emitir recomendaciones dirigidas a mejorar la calidad de la práctica odontológica. Metodología: se obtuvo información sobre las quejas recibidas en la CONAMED del área de odontología (enero de 2001 a octubre de 2002); una vez elaboradas las recomendaciones fueron sometidas a un grupo de validación externa integrado por expertos en le área. Resultados: se analizaron 177 quejas; 63,3 por ciento correspondientes a mujeres y 36,7 por ciento a hombres. El grupo de edad más afectado fue el de 25-44 años con 35 por ciento; 91 por ciento de quejas fueron de servicios privados. Los motivos de queja más frecuentes estaban relacionados con el tratamiento en 75.7 por ciento de los casos. Los principales procedimientos realizados fueron: 25.6 por ciento de ortodoncia, 24,4 por ciento prótesis y 13,3 por ciento endodoncia; el resto sin datos significativos. La principal modalidad de conclusión de las quejas fue la conciliación (53.1 por ciento). En un subanálisis de (n=100) se idenetificó mala práctica en 43 por ciento de casos. Asimismo, se identificaron problemas cuyo origen se encuentra en la falta de comunicación o problemas de comunicación en la relación del profesional de la salud bucal-paciente. Conclusiones: los factores identificados en las quejas, tales como la falta de comunicación ante el profesional y el paciente, falsas expectativas de los pacientes y el incumplimiento de las recomendaciones elaboradas


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Comprehensive Dental Care/statistics & numerical data , Dentist-Patient Relations , Age Factors , Quality of Health Care/standards , Communication , Dental Caries , Endodontics , Legislation, Dental , Malocclusion/epidemiology , Mexico , Malpractice/statistics & numerical data , Negotiating , Orthodontics, Corrective , Patient Satisfaction , Practice Patterns, Dentists' , Dental Prosthesis/statistics & numerical data , Data Interpretation, Statistical , World Health Organization
10.
Cir Cir ; 71(3): 210-6, 2003.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14617409

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Medical error is prevalent in the contemporary practice of medicine. Prevention and solution of the majority of medical errors can be focused upon from the early stages of physician formation by improving knowledge and abilities with regard to human communication. Despite its importance, information systematized with empirical bases on the teaching of human communication in Mexico is non-existent. PURPOSE: Our purpose was to highlight the experience of an exploratory nature on the educative intervention on human communication in medicine in medical residents of different medical specialties. METHODS: A study of educational intervention was presented 216 medical residents of the National Institutes of Health in Mexico City on the topic of human communication in medical practice. Chi square distribution was employed to find associations among variables. RESULTS: Eighty percent of students presented deficiencies in knowledge and thinking abilities for clinical communication. As a result of the educational intervention, 70 percent of medical resident students reached acceptable significant learning on the topic. There were no appreciable differences between the men and women in response patterns. Data indicated necessity of incorporating this topic pre-and postgraduate studies, to achieve improvement of quality of medical care and prevention of conflicts in medicine.


Subject(s)
Communication , Education, Medical , Internship and Residency , Physician-Patient Relations , Education, Medical/methods , Female , Humans , Male
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