ABSTRACT
This study explores dissociative symptoms in 3 different groups of Puerto Rican children. Data were collected on 40 children with documented sexual abuse history, 39 children with psychiatric disorders but without a history of sexual abuse, and 40 community control children. Dissociative symptoms were assessed with the child using the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC); a social worker answered the Child Dissociative Checklist (CDC). Results indicated that children with sexual abuse obtained significantly different scores on both the TSCC and the CDC. Further analysis indicated that child and social worker reports of dissociative symptoms were highly correlated (r = .73). Furthermore, 30% of the children in the sexual abuse group scored at or above the cutoff point of 12 on the CDC, which is indicative of a dissociative disorder. None of the children in the other 2 groups obtained such a score. The results suggest that children with documented sexual abuse victimization demonstrate a significant number of dissociative phenomena that not only are subjectively experienced but also can be observed by a non-family member. Finally, as nearly a third of the abused children obtained a score of 12 or higher on the CDC, the next step is to prepare clinicians to conduct a proper and formal diagnosis assessment of dissociative disorders.
Subject(s)
Child Abuse, Sexual/diagnosis , Child Abuse, Sexual/psychology , Dissociative Disorders/diagnosis , Dissociative Disorders/psychology , Social Work , Analysis of Variance , Case-Control Studies , Checklist , Child , Child Abuse, Sexual/statistics & numerical data , Dissociative Disorders/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Puerto Rico/epidemiology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The present study was directed at examining the relationship between aggressive behavior, depressed mood, other disruptive behaviors in children diagnosed with ADHD or ODD disorders in Puerto Rico. METHODS: One hundred seventy six (176) students (127 males and 49 females) from 12 public elementary schools in the San Juan Area of Puerto Rico participated in the study. The participants were divided into a group of ADHD children who exhibited aggressive behavior, a group of ADHD children that did not show aggressive behavior, and a normal group. Several self-report measures were administered to the children and teachers. RESULTS: Our results indicate that the best predictor of aggressive behavior was the hyperactivity and impulsiveness for both ADHD males and females. In addition, depressed mood in both males and females was also a significant predictor of aggressive behavior in Puerto Rican ADHD children. However, in females the social problems variable was also found to be a significant grouping variable. CONCLUSION: The first conclusion of these results is that inattentiveness does not appear to be a relevant factor in ADHD Puerto Rican children who exhibit aggressive behavior. Second, we need to be cognizant to the fact that Puerto Rican ADHD children do exhibit high co-morbidity for aggressive behavior, depressed mood, and social problems. Thus, our diagnostic and treatment approaches with ADHD Puerto Rican children need to include an assessment of the social environment of the child and its effect on his emotional state, in particular his or her mood.
