ABSTRACT
Creating an innovative and environmentally friendly energy storage system is of vital importance due to the growing number of environmental problems and the fast exhaustion of fossil fuels. Energy storage using porous carbon composites generated from biomass has attracted a lot of attention in the research community. This is primarily due to the environmentally friendly nature, abundant availability in nature, accessibility, affordability, and long-term viability of macro/meso/microporous carbon sourced from a variety of biological materials. The energy density of symmetric supercapacitors is also considered, with values between 5.1 and 138.4 Wh/kg. In this review, we look at the basic structures of biomass and how they affect porous carbon synthesis. It also discusses the effects of different structured porous carbon materials on electrochemical performance and analyzes them. In recent developments, significant steps have been made across various fields including fuel cells, carbon capture, and the utilization of biomass-derived carbonaceous nanoparticles. Notably, our study delves into the innovative energy conversion and storage potentials inherent in these materials. This comprehensive investigation seeks to lay the foundation for forthcoming energy storage research endeavors by delineating the current advancements and anticipating potential challenges in fabricating porous carbon composites sourced from biomass.
ABSTRACT
A tablet is a compact dosage form that includes both the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and various excipients, where a binder acts as an excipient, imparting cohesive quality in the powdered material. The present study aimed to extract polysaccharides from plant samples; Plantago ovata seeds, Plantago ovata husk, Lallemantia royleana, Ocimum basilicum and Acacia nilotica and to investigate their efficacy as tablet excipients. The wet granulation method was adopted for tablet formulation. Three different formulations (3%, 5% and 7%) were prepared by varying the binder concentration (hemicellulose extracted from plant samples). The tablets were evaluated by pre-compression tests; Angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Carr's Index, Hausner's ratio and post-compression tests; weight variation test, friability test, disintegration test, thickness test and dissolution test. Results were compared with binder commercially used in paracetamol drug. All 5% and 7% formulations showed friability and hardness values within range. Results of all the formulations of disintegration time are within range except 7% Plantago ovata seeds and 7% Plantago ovata husk. All the extracted hemicellulose showed good binding potential but, in all respects, the best formulation was 7% Lallemantia royleana, which has the potential to replace the synthetic binders in the pharmaceutical industry.
