ABSTRACT
Ketamine, a non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, is commonly used as an anesthetic and analgesic but has recently shown promising research in treating certain psychiatric conditions such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suicidal ideation, and substance use disorder. Due to its euphoric, dissociative, and hallucinogenic properties, ketamine has been abused as a recreational drug, which has led to rigid regulation of medication. The COVID-19 pandemic has been an unprecedented challenge for the American population which was reflected in increased reports of problems regarding their mental health. Mood disorders have dramatically increased in the past two years. Approximately one in ten people stated that they had started or increased substance use because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, rates of suicidal ideation have significantly increased when compared to pre-pandemic levels, with more than twice the number of adults surveyed in 2018 indicating suicidal thoughts "within the last 30 days" at the time they were surveyed. Moreover, many responders indicated they had symptoms of PTSD. The PubMed database was searched using the keyword "ketamine," in conjunction with "depression," "suicidal ideation," "substance use disorder," and "post-traumatic stress disorder." The inclusion criteria encompassed articles from 2017 to 2022 published in the English language that addressed the relationship between ketamine and mental health disorders. With this sharp increase in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and an increased public interest in mental health combined with the promise of the therapeutic value of ketamine for certain mental health conditions, including suicidal ideation, this narrative review sought to identify recently published studies that describe the therapeutic uses of ketamine for mental health. Results of this review indicate that ketamine's therapeutic effects offer a potential alternative treatment for depression, suicidal ideation, substance use disorders, and PTSD.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Healing of both hard and soft tissues have become one of the great challenges, faced in clinical research in development of bioactive surgical additives responsible for regulating inflammation and increasing healing. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) represents a new step in the platelet gel therapeutic concept with simplified processing minus artificial biochemical modification. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of PRF on soft-tissue healing and bone tissue healing in terms of postoperative pain, postoperative swelling, soft tissue healing, and the quality of bone healing at the mandibular third molar socket. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A clinical study will be done on patients reporting to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Government Dental College, Srinagar, requiring disimpaction of bilateral mesioangular impacted mandibular third molars in 60 patients. RESULTS: The present prospective clinical study evaluates the effect of PRF in healing of mandibular third molar extraction sockets. There was no difference in the age gender and type of impaction between the two groups as the mean postoperative pain score (visual analog scale) was lower for the PRF group (Group A) at all points of time when compared with the control (Group B), and this was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mean percentage swelling was lower for the PRF group (Group A) at all points of time when compared with the control (Group B). Evaluating the effect of treatments (with or without PRF) on lamina dura score shows that in both the groups at different time periods, significant (P < 0.001) difference was observed on lamina dura score. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that application of autologous PRF gel has a beneficial effect on the healing of extraction sockets after third molar surgery.
