Double Right Testicular Arteries Passing Through the Hiatus in the Trifurcated Testicular Vein.

Variations of the testicular artery have been commonly described by many authors, although reports for accessory or double testicular arteries were scarce. The testicular vein displays a great variability as regards their numbers, courses, and sites of termination. We present here a single right testicular vein dividing into three trunks at the terminal drainage, and the bifurcated right testicular artery passed through the hiatus of the testicular vein.

A rare variant of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

In the dissection of a 67-year-old Chinese male cadaver, a variant of the posterior cord was observed. The posterior cord was consisted of two parts. The upper posterior cord was the continuation of the posterior division of the upper trunk. It gave off the suprascapular nerve, the subscapular nerve, a communicating branch and then continued as the axillary nerve. The lower posterior cord was formed by the posterior divisions of the middle and lower trunks. After giving off the thoracodorsal nerve, the lower posterior cord fused with the communicating branch and continued as the radial nerve

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Bilateral communications between the median and musculocutanous nerves after piercing the last one the coracobrachialis muscle

In the dissection of a 79-year-old Chinese male cadaver, communications were established on both sides between the median and musculocutanous nerves. The musculocutaneous nerve (mcn) was the continuation of the lateral cord. After piercing the coracobrachialis muscle, the mcn gave rise to a communicating branch which directed downwards medially and ended in the median nerve (mn) at the level of upper arm. In the left arm, the mn was formed by three roots: one medial root from the medial cord and two lateral roots from the lateral cord

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An Accessory Renal Artery Originating from the Testicular Artery, a Rare Variant.

Renal artery variations including their source, number, and course are very common. Accessory renal arteries were discovered frequently on the left side; these arteries entered the upper or lower poles of the kidney. The present cadaver showed a testicular artery origin of the accessory renal artery, which was seldomly described previously.

Extensor digitorum brevis manus with "X" tendons.

During the educational dissection of a 72-year-old Chinese male cadaver, bilateral extensor digitorum brevis manus (EDBM) muscles were observed. The left EDBM muscle originated from the joint capsule ligament, running across the second dorsal interosseous muscle as double tendons (EDBM ulnar tendon and EDBM radial tendon) on the ulnar side of extensor digitorum communis (EDC)-index finger. The EDBM radial tendon positioned ventrally but inserted further to the ulnar tendon so that they made an "X" shape. The right EDBM muscle arose from dorsal radiocarpal ligament, coursing the second dorsal interosseous muscle and inserted into the ulnar side of EDC-index finger.

Accessory slips of the extensor digiti minimi.

During the educational dissection of a 69-year-old Chinese male cadaver, an extensor digiti minimi (EDM) with five slips on the right hand was discovered. Except for the two slips of the little finger, the two radial slips were inserted into the dorsal aponeurosis of the middle finger and the ring finger, respectively. The middle slip was connected to the junctura tendinum in the fourth intermetacarpal spaces. Variations in this region are of paramount importance for the reconstructive surgeons, who may utilize the accessory slips to restore functional capacity of the fingers.

[Plasma levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB in neonates with asphyxia complicated by myocardial injury].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes and the clinical significance of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB (GPBB) levels in neonates with asphyxia complicated by myocardial injury. METHODS: Sixty-four neonates with asphyxia (39 mild, 25 severe) were enrolled. Of the 64 neonates, 30 had myocardial injury and 34 did not develop myocardial injury. Twenty-five healthy neonates served as a control group. Plasma levels of NT-proBNP and GPBB were measured using ELISA. Myocardial enzymes and cardiac troponin I were stimultaneously measured, and electrocardiography and chest radiographs were obtained. RESULTS: The plasma levels of NT-proBNP and GPBB in neonates with myocardial injury were significantly higher than those in neonates without myocardial injury and in the control group (P<0.01). The neonates with severe asphyxia had significantly increased plasma NT-proBNP and GPBB concentrations compared to those with mild asphyxia and the control group (P<0.01). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that plasma NT-proBNP level was positively correlated with plasma GPBB level in neonates with asphyxia. Plasma levels of NT-proBNP and GPBB were also positively correlated with plasma levels of CK-MB, CK and LDH (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Both NT-proBNP and GPBB can be used as biomarkers of myocardial injury in neonates with asphyxia. The measurement of plasma NT-proBNP and GPBB levels was useful in early identification of myocardial injury and severity evaluation in neonates with asphyxia.