ABSTRACT
AML is an aggressive malignancy of immature myeloid progenitor cells. Discovering effective treatments for AML through cell differentiation and anti-proliferation remains a significant challenge. Building on previous studies on CDK2 PROTACs with differentiation-inducing properties, this research aims to enhance CDKs degradation through structural optimization to facilitate the differentiation and inhibit the proliferation of AML cells. Compound C3, featuring a 4-methylpiperidine ring linker, effectively degraded CDK2 with a DC50 value of 18.73 ± 10.78 nM, and stimulated 72.77 ± 3.51 % cell differentiation at 6.25 nM in HL-60 cells. Moreover, C3 exhibited potent anti-proliferative activity against various AML cell types. Degradation selectivity analysis indicated that C3 could be endowed with efficient degradation of CDK2/4/6/9 and FLT3, especially FLT3-ITD in MV4-11 cells. These findings propose that C3 combined targeting CDK2/4/6/9 and FLT3 with enhanced differentiation and proliferation inhibition, which holds promise as a potential treatment for AML.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents , Cyclin-Dependent Kinases , Drug Discovery , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute , Protein Kinase Inhibitors , Proteolysis Targeting Chimera , Proteolysis , fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 , Humans , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Cell Differentiation/drug effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors , fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/metabolism , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy , Molecular Structure , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Structure-Activity Relationship , Proteolysis Targeting Chimera/chemistry , Proteolysis Targeting Chimera/pharmacology , Proteolysis Targeting Chimera/therapeutic useABSTRACT
PARP1 is a multifaceted component of DNA repair and chromatin remodeling, making it an effective therapeutic target for cancer therapy. The recently reported proteolytic targeting chimera (PROTAC) could effectively degrade PARP1 through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, expanding the therapeutic application of PARP1 blocking. In this study, a series of nitrogen heterocyclic PROTACs were designed and synthesized through ternary complex simulation analysis based on our previous work. Our efforts have resulted in a potent PARP1 degrader D6 (DC50 = 25.23 nM) with high selectivity due to nitrogen heterocyclic linker generating multiple interactions with the PARP1-CRBN PPI surface, specifically. Moreover, D6 exhibited strong cytotoxicity to triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 (IC50 = 1.04 µM). And the proteomic results showed that the antitumor mechanism of D6 was found that intensifies DNA damage by intercepting the CDC25C-CDK1 axis to halt cell cycle transition in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Furthermore, in vivo study, D6 showed a promising PK property with moderate oral absorption activity. And D6 could effectively inhibit tumor growth (TGI rate = 71.4 % at 40 mg/kg) without other signs of toxicity in MDA-MB-321 tumor-bearing mice. In summary, we have identified an original scaffold and potent PARP1 PROTAC that provided a novel intervention strategy for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.
Subject(s)
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms , Humans , Mice , Animals , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Proteomics , Cell Proliferation , Cell Cycle Checkpoints , Nitrogen , Cell Line, Tumor , cdc25 Phosphatases , Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 , CDC2 Protein KinaseABSTRACT
Facile synthesis of 4-allyl-/4-allenyl-4-(arylthio)-1,4-dihydroisoquinolin-3-ones via the visible-light-induced Doyle-Kirmse reaction of 4-diazo-1,4-dihydroisoquinolin-3-ones with allyl-/propargyl sulfides is reported. The reaction proceeds via the generation of free carbenes from cyclic diazo compounds followed by in situ formation of sulfonium ylide intermediates, which subsequently undergo [2,3-sigmatropic rearrangement] to give highly functionalized dihydroisoquinolinones in moderate to good yields. Broad substrate scope, and catalyst-free and mild conditions are the merits of this reaction.
