ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Brain stroke is the third most important cause of death in developed countries. We studied the effect of different dietary lipids on the outcome of a permanent ischemic stroke rat model. METHODS: Wistar rats were fed diets containing 7% commercial oils (S, soybean; O, olive; C, coconut; G, grape seed) for 35 d. Stroke was induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Coronal slices from ischemic brains and sham-operated animals were supravitally stained. Penumbra and core volumes were calculated by image digitalization after 24, 48, and 72 h poststroke. Homogenates and mitochondrial fractions were prepared from different zones and analyzed by redox status, inflammatory markers, ceramide, and arachidonate content, phospholipase A2, NOS, and proteases. RESULTS: Soybean (S) and G diets were mainly prooxidative and proinflammatory by increasing the liberation of arachidonate and its transformation into prostaglandins. O was protective in terms of redox homeostatic balance, minor increases in lipid and protein damage, conservation of reduced glutathione, protective activation of NOS in penumbra, and net ratio of anti-to proinflammatory cytokines. Apoptosis (caspase-3, milli- and microcalpains) was less activated by O than by any other diet. CONCLUSION: Dietary lipids modulate NOS and PLA2 activities, ceramide production, and glutathione import into the mitochondrial matrix, finally determining the activation of the two main protease systems involved in programmed cell death. Olive oil appears to be a biological source for the isolation of protective agents that block the expansion of brain core at the expense of penumbral neurons.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Brain/drug effects , Dietary Fats , Inflammation/prevention & control , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Plant Oils/therapeutic use , Stroke , Animals , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Apoptosis , Biomarkers/metabolism , Brain/cytology , Brain/metabolism , Brain Ischemia/diet therapy , Brain Ischemia/metabolism , Brain Ischemia/pathology , Cocos , Diet , Dietary Fats/adverse effects , Dietary Fats/metabolism , Dietary Fats/pharmacology , Dietary Fats/therapeutic use , Inflammation/etiology , Inflammation/metabolism , Lipid Metabolism/drug effects , Male , Neurons , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use , Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism , Olea , Oxidation-Reduction , Plant Oils/adverse effects , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Rats, Wistar , Reactive Oxygen Species/adverse effects , Glycine max , Stroke/diet therapy , Stroke/etiology , Stroke/metabolism , Stroke/pathology , VitisABSTRACT
Los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (AGP) derivados de los ácidos grasos esenciales (AGE) tienen importantes roles en la formación y mantenimiento de estructuras de membrana, jugando un papel trascenden en la síntesis de lípidos estructurales y en el desarrollo neural. Se han señalado anormalidades en las funciones neurológicas de lactantes alimentados con fórmulas respecto de lactantes alimentados con leche materna y se conoce el efecto de la desnutrición calórico-proteica sobre la composición en AGP de algunos tejidos. En este trabajo se estudió el efecto de diferentes fórmulas comerciales sobre la composición en ácidos grasos de los fosfolípidos de plasma y critrocitos y sobre la función visual
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Fatty Acids, Essential/administration & dosage , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/administration & dosage , Breast-Milk Substitutes , Cross-Sectional Studies , Milk, Human , Biochemistry , Pediatrics , ResearchABSTRACT
Los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (AGP) derivados de los ácidos grasos esenciales (AGE) tienen importantes roles en la formación y mantenimiento de estructuras de membrana, jugando un papel trascenden en la síntesis de lípidos estructurales y en el desarrollo neural. Se han señalado anormalidades en las funciones neurológicas de lactantes alimentados con fórmulas respecto de lactantes alimentados con leche materna y se conoce el efecto de la desnutrición calórico-proteica sobre la composición en AGP de algunos tejidos. En este trabajo se estudió el efecto de diferentes fórmulas comerciales sobre la composición en ácidos grasos de los fosfolípidos de plasma y critrocitos y sobre la función visual
