Corrigendum: Initiating Change of People With Criminal Justice Involvement Through Participation in a Drama Project: An Exploratory Study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00716.].

Initiating Change of People With Criminal Justice Involvement Through Participation in a Drama Project: An Exploratory Study.

Introduction: Innovative and interdisciplinary approaches are needed to improve mental health and psychosocial outcomes of people with criminal justice involvement and their families. Aim of the study was to assess effects of the participation in a theatre project on the mental health problems of people with criminal justice involvement and relatives. Methods: We conducted structured diagnostic interviews and in-depth qualitative interviews with five participants performing Shakespeare's Richard III in Chile. Three participants had been imprisoned prior to the project, and two were the parents of a person who died in a prison fire. Qualitative interviews followed a topic guide. Data were transcribed, and a six-phase approach for thematic analysis of the data was used. Results: Substance use disorder or major depression was identified in all the participants. Participation in the theatre project was experienced by the respondents as having a positive effect on the mental health conditions. The research registered the positive experiences of role identification, emotional expression, commitment with group processes, improved skills to socially interact, to be heard by the general public and society, and positive perceptions of the audience (including relatives). Discussion: The study raises the possibility that there may be improvements of depression and substance use problems through the participation of people with criminal justice involvement in a drama project. Wider scale research is recommended on the possible effects. The approach may be an alternative to psychotherapy and medication for some individuals.

Synergistic antinociceptive interaction between palmitoylethanolamide and tramadol in the mouse formalin test.

Pharmacological synergism has been used to obtain a higher efficacy using drug concentrations at which side effects are minimal. In this study, the pharmacological antinociceptive interaction between N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and tramadol was investigated. The individual concentration-response curves for PEA (0.1-56.2 µg/paw) and tramadol (1-56.2 µg/paw) were evaluated in mice in which nociception was induced by an intraplantar injection of 2% formalin. Isobolographic analysis was used to evaluate the pharmacological interaction between PEA (EC50=23.7±1.6 µg/paw) and tramadol (EC50=26.02±2.96 µg/paw) using the EC50 and a fixed 1:1 ratio combination. The isobologram demonstrated that the combinations investigated in this study produced a synergistic interaction; the experimental values (Zexp=9.5±0.2 µg/paw) were significantly smaller than those calculated theoretically (Zadd=24.8±0.2 µg/paw). The antinociceptive mechanisms of the PEA and tramadol combination involved the opioid receptor, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α). The sedative effect of the combination of PEA and tramadol was less than that generated by individual treatments. These findings suggest that the PEA and tramadol combination produced enhanced antinociceptive efficacy at concentrations at which side effects are minimal.

Coadministration of tramadol and tizanidine in an experimental acute pain model in rat.

Preclinical Research The use of drug combinations to achieve a desired effect is a common practice in pharmacological reaserch and in clinical practice. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential synergistic antinociceptive interactions between tizanidine, an α-2-adrenoceptor agonist and tramadol on formalin-induced nociception in rat using isobolographic analyses. Tramadol (0.1-100 µg/paw) and tizanidine (0.01-10 µg/paw) were injected into the paw prior to formalin injection (1%). Both drugs produced a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect. The EC50 values were estimated for individual drugs, and isobolograms were constructed. Tizanidine (EC50 = 0.125 ± 0.026 µg) was more potent than tramadol (EC50 = 16.45 ± 6.4 µg). The combination of tramadol-tizanidine at fixed ratios of 1:1 (EC50exp = 67.43 ± 11 µg; EC50teo = 8.28 ± 3.2 µg) and 3:1 (EC50exp = 31.25 ± 9.49 µg; CE50teo = 12.36 ± 4.8 µg) generated subadditivity (antagonism). On the basis of the current preclinical data, the pharmacological profile of the combination of tramadol-tizanidine produced antagonism. Thus, the utmost caution is required during the use of this combination in clinical practice, due to their antagonistic interaction.