ABSTRACT
Healthcare workers who are on the front line of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and are also undergoing shift schedules face long work hours with few pauses, experience desynchronization of their circadian rhythm, and an imbalance between work hours effort and reward in saving lives, resulting in an impact on work capacity, aggravated by the lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), few resources and precarious infrastructure, and fear of contracting the virus and contaminating family members. Some consequences are sleep deprivation, chronic insomnia, stress-related sleep disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder. These sleep alterations critically affect mental health, precipitating or perpetuating anxiety, stress, and depression, resulting in the inability to regulate positive and negative emotions. Pre-existing sleep disorders are an important risk factor for the development and maintenance of PSTD when individuals are exposed to an important stressor such as a COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, how an individual regulates the emotion associated with worries during daytime functioning impacts nighttime sleep, precipitating and perpetuating difficulties in sleeping. All of these changes in sleep and emotional regulation also alter the immune system. Sleep deprivation is commonly associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, due to the desynchronizations in circadian rhythms, causing possible psychophysiological disorders and impaired neuroimmune-endocrine homeostasis. From this perspective, we clarify in this article how sleep disorders affect the immune system and emotional regulation, explaining their phenomenological and neurobiological mechanisms, and discussing elements of cognitive and behavioral coping for health professionals to adopt and manage a healthier sleep pattern in the COVID-19 outbreak.
ABSTRACT
Sleep medicine in general and psychology in particular have recently developed cognitive behavioral treatment for narcolepsy (CBT-N). Despite a growing interest in this topic, most studies since 2007 have reviewed CBT applications for other sleep disorders. Currently, 6 reviews have been published on narcolepsy, with an expert consensus being reached that CBT represented an important adjunctive treatment for the disease. The current paper reviews the need for CBT applications for narcolepsy by generalizing the application of multicomponent treatments and performing studies that extrapolate the results obtained from multicenter studies. Nineteen studies were found in which the need-for-treatment guidelines identified the use of CBT for narcolepsy. Three additional studies were identified that evaluated the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral measures and multicomponent treatments for which treatment protocols have been proposed.
ABSTRACT
Se describe la relación existente entre los trastornos de sueño, saludy calidad de vida desde la perspectiva de la medicina conductualdel sueño, basado en evidencias empíricas, demostrándose la bajacalidad de vida en función con los síntomas en cada uno de lostrastornos del sueño. El artículo comprende una descripción de lamedicina comportamental del sueño, la relación entre calidad devida y sueño, patrones de sueño y salud, sueño y enfermedad cró-nica, insomnio, síndrome de piernas inquietas, calidad de vida ysalud, somnolencia excesiva diurna, calidad de vida y salud, yparasomnias y salud.
It article describes the relationship between sleep disorders, health andquality of life from the perspective of behavioral sleep medicine, which isbased on empirical evidence, demonstrating the low quality of life according to the symptoms in each of the sleep disorders . This article includes a description of the behavioral sleep medicine, the relationship betweenquality of life and sleep, sleep patterns and health, sleep and chronicdisease, insomnia, restless legs syndrome, quality of life and health,excessive daytime sleepiness, quality life and health, and healthand parasomnia.