ABSTRACT
A total of 162 rotavirus strains detected between 1996 and 2006 among individuals with diarrhea in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analyzed by multiple-gene genotyping. Characterization of strains was done by RT-PCR assay for amplification and typing of the VP7-, VP4-, VP6-, and NSP4-encoding genes. Overall, 139 (85.8%) strains belonged to the common group A rotavirus combinations: 67 (41.4%) belonged to genotype G1-P[8]-I1-E1; 18 (11.1%) were G2-P[4]-I2-E2; 11 (6.8%) were G3-P[8]-I1-E1; 12 (7.4%) were G4-P[8]-I1-E1; and 31 (19.1%) were G9-P[8]-I1-E1. Two samples presented mixed genotypes (G1 + G3-P[8]-I1-E1 and G1 + G9-P[9]-I1-E1) and rare combinations, such as G2-P[6]-I2-E2 and G9-P[6]-I2-E2, were detected in six (3.7%) strains. The results suggest a linkage among all four genes. Genotypes G1/G3/G4/G5/G9-P[8] were correlated strongly to I1-E1 genotypes and G2-P[4]/P[6] were correlated to I2-E2 genotypes. Unusual combinations of genes, such as G3-P[9]-I2-E2, G9-P[9]-I1-E2, and G3-P[9]-I3-E3, were observed in 15 (9.3%) strains. The characterization of multiple genes allows a more complete analysis of the rotavirus isolates and provides evidence of natural reassortment of strains.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Viral/genetics , Capsid Proteins/genetics , Genetic Linkage , Glycoproteins/genetics , Rotavirus/genetics , Toxins, Biological/genetics , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics , Brazil , Child, Preschool , Cluster Analysis , Diarrhea/virology , Genotype , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , RNA, Viral/genetics , Recombination, Genetic , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Rotavirus Infections/virology , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
Viral conjunctivitis is a common, highly contagious disease often caused by adenovirus. We investigate the frequency of adenoviral conjunctivitis in the population of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between March 2004 and May 2007 and identified the predominant serotype circulating among this population. Seventy-five ocular swabs were collected from 66 patients with clinical presentation of conjunctivitis. The specimens were analyzed for detection of adenovirus (AdV) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were further analyzed for virus typing by sequence analysis and/or heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA). Forty-five samples (60%) were positive for AdV of which 21 samples were typed as AdV19 (46.7%), 7 AdV8 (15.5%), 3 AdV31 (6.7%), and one each AdV1, AdV2, AdV3, AdV4 and AdV6. For nine samples the serotype was not determined. AdV19 was the predominant serotype circulating in Rio de Janeiro during the studied period.
Subject(s)
Adenovirus Infections, Human/epidemiology , Adenoviruses, Human/genetics , Conjunctivitis, Viral/epidemiology , DNA, Viral/genetics , Adenoviruses, Human/classification , Brazil/epidemiology , Conjunctiva/virology , Conjunctivitis, Viral/virology , Humans , Molecular Epidemiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , SerotypingABSTRACT
Viral conjunctivitis is a common, highly contagious disease often caused by adenovirus. We investigate the frequency of adenoviral conjunctivitis in the population of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between March 2004 and May 2007 and identified the predominant serotype circulating among this population. Seventy-five ocular swabs were collected from 66 patients with clinical presentation of conjunctivitis. The specimens were analyzed for detection of adenovirus (AdV) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were further analyzed for virus typing by sequence analysis and/or heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA). Forty-five samples (60%) were positive for AdV of which 21 samples were typed as AdV19 (46.7%), 7 AdV8 (15.5%), 3 AdV31 (6.7%), and one each AdV1, AdV2, AdV3, AdV4 and AdV6. For nine samples the serotype was not determined. AdV19 was the predominant serotype circulating in Rio de Janeiro during the studied period.
A conjuntivite viral é doença ocular comum, altamente contagiosa, frequentemente causada por adenovírus. Neste estudo, investigamos a frequência de conjuntivite por adenovírus na população do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, entre março de 2004 e maio de 2007, e identificamos o sorotipo predominante circulando nesta população. Setenta e cinco swabs de secreção ocular foram coletados de 66 pacientes com conjuntivite. As amostras foram analisadas para detecção de adenovírus (AdV) por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Os produtos da PCR foram caracterizados por sequenciamento e/ou ensaio de mobilidade do heteroduplex (Heteroduplex Mobility Assay - HMA) para identificação do sorotipo viral. Quarenta e cinco (60%) amostras foram positivas para AdV das quais 21 foram identificadas como pertencentes ao sorotipo AdV19 (46,7%), sete AdV8 (15,5%), três AdV31 (6,7%), e uma de cada: AdV1, AdV2, AdV3, AdV4 e AdV6. Para nove amostras o sorotipo não pode ser identificado. O AdV 19 foi o sorotipo predominante circulando no Rio de Janeiro durante o período estudado.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adenovirus Infections, Human/epidemiology , Adenoviruses, Human/genetics , Conjunctivitis, Viral/epidemiology , DNA, Viral/genetics , Adenoviruses, Human/classification , Brazil/epidemiology , Conjunctiva/virology , Conjunctivitis, Viral/virology , Molecular Epidemiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , SerotypingABSTRACT
During 1998-2005, we analyzed stool samples from 289 children in Rio de Janeiro to detect and genotype no-rovirus strains. Previous tests showed all samples to be negative for rotavirus and adenovirus. Of 42 (14.5%) no-rovirus-positive specimens, 20 (47.6%) were identified as genogroup GI and 22 (52.3%) as GII.
Subject(s)
Caliciviridae Infections/virology , Gastroenteritis/virology , Norovirus/genetics , Brazil/epidemiology , Caliciviridae Infections/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Gastroenteritis/epidemiology , Gastroenteritis/genetics , Genotype , Humans , Infant , Male , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methodsABSTRACT
Human bocavirus (HBoV) was detected in 14 (2%) of 705 fecal specimens from Brazilian children with gastroenteritis. Coinfection with rotavirus, adenovirus, or norovirus was found in 3 (21.4%) HBoV-positive specimens. None of the HBoV-positive patients had respiratory symptoms.
Subject(s)
Bocavirus/isolation & purification , Gastroenteritis/virology , Parvoviridae Infections/virology , Adolescent , Bocavirus/genetics , Brazil , Child , Child, Preschool , Feces/virology , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Parvoviridae Infections/complications , Phylogeny , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Rotavirus diarrhea is a potentially life-threatening disease that affects millions of children annually around the world. Because protection against rotavirus disease is thought to be type specific, continuous rotavirus surveillance before and after implementation of a vaccine is still of essential importance. Rotavirus surveillance has been conducted in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil since 1982. In the present study, we report rotavirus surveillance data in Rio de Janeiro city from 2000 to 2004. One hundred twenty nine of 1,568 (8.2%) stool samples, collected from children with acute diarrhea between January 2000 and July 2004 were rotavirus-positive. One hundred twenty eight of the 129 (99.2%) rotavirus-positive samples were genotyped for G and/or P specificity. G1 was the predominant strain (49.6%, 64/129) followed by G9 (30.2%, 39/129), and G4 (17.8%, 23/129); G2 and G3 viruses were not detected. One sample (0.8%) was non-typeable. P genotypes were determined for 124 of the 129 (96%) samples, and P[8] was the predominant genotype (90.6%, 117/129). Genotypes P[4] and P[9] were detected in two (1.6%) samples each; one (0.8%) sample presented P[6] genotype; and five (3.8%) samples were non-typeable. Two samples (1.6%) presented mixed P genotypes (P[6] + P[8]). Two unusual strains were isolated: a G8P[4] strain isolated from a non-hospitalized child with diarrhea and a G10P[9] strain isolated from a hospitalized child with diarrhea.
