ABSTRACT
The objective of the research is to develop novel materials that are both inexpensive and have a low density, while also being able to endure the transportation of γ-photons with low-to-medium energy levels. The outcome consisted of four epoxy resins that were strengthened with different quantities of heavy metallic waste. The density of the formed composites improved from 1.134 ± 0.022 g/cm3 to 1.560 ± 0.0312 g/cm3 when the waste content was raised from 0 to 40 weight percent. The theoretical investigation was determined using Monte Carlo (MCNP) simulation software, and the results of linear attenuation coefficient were justified experimentally in a low and medium energy range of 15-662 keV. The mass attenuation coefficient results in a low gamma energy range (15-122 keV) varied in between 3.175 and 0.159 cm2/g (for E-MW0 composite) and in between 8.212 and 0.164 cm2/g (for E-MW40 composite). The decrease in mass attenuation coefficient was detected in a medium gamma photon energy range (122-662 keV) with 0.123-0.082 cm2/g (for E-MW0 composite) and 0.121-0.080 cm2/g (for E-MW40 composite). The density of the enhanced composites influenced these parameters. As the metallic waste composition increased, the fabricated composites' half-value thickness decreased. At 15 keV, the half-value thickness decreased from 0.19 to 0.05 cm. At 59 keV, it fell from 2.70 to 1.41 cm. At 122 keV, it fell from 3.90 to 2.72 cm. At 662 keV, it fell from 7.45 to 5.56 cm. This decrease occurred as the heavy metal waste concentration increased from 0 to 40 wt.%. The study indicates that as metallic waste concentrations rise, there is a rise in the effective atomic number and a decline in the buildup factors.
ABSTRACT
This study introduces a novel nanocomposite coating composed of PANI/CeO2 nanocomposite films, aimed at addressing corrosion protection needs. Analysis through FTIR spectra and XRD patterns confirms the successful formation of the nanocomposite films. Notably, the PANI/CeO2 nanocomposite films exhibit a hydrophilic nature. The bandgap energy of the PANI composite film is measured to be 3.74 eV, while the introduction of CeO2 NPs into the PANI matrix reduces the bandgap energy to 3.67 eV. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity of the PANI composite film is observed to be 0.40 S·cm-1, with the incorporation of CeO2 NPs leading to an increase in electrical conductivity to 1.07 S·cm-1. To evaluate its efficacy, electrochemical measurements were conducted to assess the corrosion protection performance. Results indicate a high protection efficiency of 92.25% for the PANI/CeO2 nanocomposite film.
ABSTRACT
The effect of a low-energy germanium detector collimator with different diameters on the measurement of the X-ray fluorescence of palladium (Pd) was studied experimentally. Changes in the Pd K-series and Compton scattering peaks were measured and analysed with and without a detector collimator, where for the former, collimators with different diameters were used. The signal-to-noise ratio increased when a shielding collimator was used with a narrow detector collimator. The Compton dispersion and fraction dead time were reduced considerably using a detector collimator by increasing the distance from the source to the detector, and the collimator length-to-diameter ratio. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the Pd Kα1 and Pd Kß1 peaks decreased almost linearly with the collimator length-to-diameter ratio. The FWHM illustrated that the spectral resolution was improved when a collimator with a smaller diameter but unchanged length was used. The uncertainties at the Pd Kα1, Pd Kß1, and Compton dispersion peaks were approximately correlated linearly with the collimator length-to-diameter ratio.
