[Patho-morphologic and histoenzymologic findings after VX (organophosphate) poisoning in sheep]. / Patologicko-morfologické a histoenzymologické nálezy po intoxikácii VX látkou (organofosfát) u oviec.

Sixty-one sheep were administered experimentally a VX chemical (organophosphate) at different rates. In the process of dissection, samples were taken for a histopathological examination. These were samples of brain, liver, kidneys, rumen wall, small intestine, muscles, myocardium, lungs and spleen. For another histochemical examination, samples of tongue, m. longissimus dorsi, jejunum, rumen, liver, kidneys and m. interconstalis were also taken. The activities of alkaline and acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase, acetylcholinesterase and dehydrogenase of lactic acid were investigated. The most significant changes were found out in the lungs - in form of oedemas and acute catarrhal bronchopneumonias in those animals which died within three days after chemical administration. Sporadic haemorrhages or haemorrhages in form of vast spots were found out under the epicardium. Their range did not relate to the amount of the chemical administered. Rather dilated vessels were observed in the brain and also in the meninges. The histochemical examination showed different activities of enzymes in particular organs of sheep.

[Synthesis of nonspecific esterase in small intestine enterocytes during experimental coccidiosis in suckling pigs]. / Syntéza nespecifické esterázy enterocytû tenkého streva behem exprimentální kokcidiózy sajících selat.

The activity of nonspecific esterase (EC. 3.1.1.1.) was evaluated in the small intestine mucosa of 21 conventional piglets infected on day 5 after parturition (DAP) with oocysts of the Eimeria debliecki coccidium (infection dose of 200,000 oocysts) for this evaluation a microdensitometric analysis at the level of enterocytes was used. The same examination was also performed in the small intestine mucosa of four control conventional piglets at the age of 2-5 days (Tab. I). The synthesis of nonspecific esterase in the experimentally infected piglets was followed on day 1 to day 10 after infection (DAI). The activity of nonspecific esterase in the small intestine mucosa was found to decrease in a direction from duodenum absorption cells (D mean 34.15) to caudal ones (Fig. 1); ileum enterocytes have the optical density of the enzyme by 8.2% lower (D mean 31.38). The deposition of nonspecific esterase is localized mainly in the supranuclear zone of enterocytes while in the para- and infranuclear zones of absorption cells its concentration is only minute. In the experimentally infected piglets a marked increase in the optical density of nonspecific esterase of enterocytes was observed as soon as on day 1 after infection when the enzyme concentration increased by 19.4% (Tab. II). The maximum increase in the activity of nonspecific esterase of absorption cells was recorded on DAI 9 when the enzyme D mean value was higher by 165% in comparison with the activity of nonspecific esterase demonstrated in the control piglets (Fig. 2, 3, 4). But at the end of experimental infection (DAI 10) the total density of nonspecific esterase of enterocytes decreased by 38.2%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Dehydrogenase activity in small intestine mucosa in experimental coccidiosis in suckling pigs]. / Aktivita dehydrogenáz ve sliznici tenkého streva pri experimentální kokcidióze sajících selat.

The activities of 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC. 1.1.1.30.; HBD) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC. 1.1.1.41; ICD) were evaluated microdensitometrically in the mucosa of duodenum, jejunum and ileum of 19 conventional piglets infected on the first day after parturition (DAP) with oocysts of Eimeria debliecki coccidium (infection dose of 200,000 oocysts). The two investigated enzymes are deposited in mitochondria which are dispersed in the supra-, para- and infranuclear region of absorption cells (Fig. 1). The synthesis of the two dehydrogenases was investigated in the small intestine mucosa in the period of 1st to 10th day after infection (DAI). The HBD and ICD activities were also followed in the small intestine of four control conventional piglets at the age of 2-5 days (Tab. I). The two dehydrogenases could be characterized by a topographic gradient; it means that their activity was increasing in the small intestine mucosa through duodenum in an aboral direction. The ICD activity is higher in the intestinal mucosa of healthy piglets (Figs. 2 and 3), where its topic concentration was more marked while the HBD activity is dispersed in enterocytes (Fig. 4). In infected piglets the density of the two enzymes was demonstrated to decrease already in the starting period of experimental infection, and it reaches the lowest values for the first time on DAI 5-6 (Fig. 5, Tab. II), then on DAIs 9 (HBD; Fig. 6, graph 11)) or 8 (ICD, Fig. 7 and 10). In the period of experimental infection no statistically significant predisposition to the hypoactivity of target dehydrogenases nor its marked shift were observed. Somewhat rapid resumption of synthesis was demonstrated as soon as on DAI 8 in ICD (Fig. 8); its activity on DAI 10 in the intestinal mucosa corresponded to the 93% activity of this dehydrogenase recorded in the small intestine of control piglets. The density of HBD to the same day (DAI 10) reached in the intestinal mucosa of infected piglets the values making only 44.7% of those demonstrated in the intestinal mucosa of the control group of animals.

[Synthesis of glucose-6-phosphatase in small intestine mucosa during experimental coccidiosis in suckling piglets]. / Syntéza glukózo-6-fosfatázy sliznice tenkého streva behem experimentální kokcidiózy sajících selat.

Glucoso-6-phosphatase activity (EC. 3.1.3.9.) was evaluated microdensitometrically in the small intestine mucosa of 19 conventional piglets infected with Eimeria debliecki coccidium oocysts (infection dose of 200,000 oocysts) on day 1 after delivery (DAD). The synthesis of the observed hydrolase was followed within days 1 to 10 after infection (DAI). The activity of the same enzyme was also determined in four control conventional piglets at the age of two to five days. The small intestine mucosa of healthy piglets was found to have relatively balanced glucoso-6-phosphatase concentrations in all observed sections (duodenum, middle and posterior jejunum and ileum). The topographic gradient failed to be demonstrated in control piglets. In piglets experimentally infected with E. debliecki coccidium the glucoso-6-phosphatase activity was decreasing during infection already since DAI 1. The enzyme hypoactivity was still lower in the following days and reached the minimum value at the end of the target period (DAI 10), when its value made only 33% of the concentration recorded in the intestine mucosa of control piglets. The topographic predisposition to the lower activity of glucoso-6-phosphatase was not found to be high. The only exception are DAI 6 and 7, when the lowest enzyme concentration was observed in the duodenum mucosa (52% on DAI 6; 54% on DAI 7). The activity of the observed enzyme was higher in the other sections of small intestine (57% on DAI 6; 62% on DAI 7).

[Pathologico-morphologic picture of subchronic trimorfamide poisoning in dogs]. / Patologicko-morfologický obraz subchronickej intoxikácie psov trimorfamidom.

Animals in groups of six dogs and six bitches were given daily in their food, individually, for a period of six months, the fungicide trimorphamide, at dosages of 0, 300 and 500 mg.kg-1 of their weight. After they had been killed, a significant reduction in their weight was observed along with hemosiderosis of the liver, kidneys and spleen of all the experimental animals. No other important structural changes were found by dissection and pathologico-histological examinations of almost all organs and tissues.

[Electron microscopic studies of striated muscles of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) obtained from eggs centrifuged during incubation]. / Elektronenmikroskopisches Studium der quergestreiften Muskulatur der japanischen Wachtel (Coturnix coturnix japonica) aus während der Inkubation zentrifugierten Eiern.

Reported in this paper are results obtained from investigations into the effect of hypergravitation on embryogenesis of striped muscles in Japanese quail. Specimens of striped muscles were excised from the birds after hatching and used in the study. The eggs had been centrifuged on zero day as well as on the first and 15th days of incubation. The muscle fibrils were found to proliferate in all groups, that is the control group, the group with centrifugation on zero day, and that with centrifugation on the first and 15th days. The process thus is characterised as physiological, known to occur prenatally and postnatally in developing individuals.

[The relationship between fermentation and the morphological structure of rumen epithelium in sheep fed pelleted feeds]. / Vztah medzi fermentáciou a morfologickou struktúrou epitelu bachora oviec krmených tvarovaným krmivom.

Wethers were fed complete granular feed rations including 41.81% of grass hay, 25.28% of barley, 15.37% of sawdust, 14.98% of molasses, 1.32% of urea, and 1.24% of mineral supplement in dry matter for 24 weeks. Samples of the dorsal rumen sac of these wethers were subjected to patho-anatomical, histological, histo-chemical, and electron-microscopical examination. Volatile fatty acids were also determined in the rumen fluid of slaughtered animals. The control group was given the same diet in the classical form with long hay. The rumen contents of the slaughtered animals of the experimental group had an increased level of total volatile fatty acids (125.93 mM) and butyric acid (17.8 M%). The acetate:propionate ratio was 3.66. No substantial differences were observed in enzymatic activity. Electronograms recorded an increase in the number of T cells and keratinizing cells -- this suggests an increased intensity of the process of keratinization.

[Electron microscopic and histochemical studies of the transverse striated musculature of birds after long-term hypokinesia]. / Elektronenmikroskopische und histochemische Studien an der quergestreiften Muskulatur der Vögel nach langfristiger Hypokinese.

Electromicroscopical and histochemical studies of the gastrocnemius muscle has been carried out in 4 months old cockerels of the laying hybrid after hypokinesis lasting 15 and 30 days. It was found that restricted movement resulted in dystrophic changes of myofibrils, enlargement of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and oedem of interfibrillar spaces. Histochemical studies revealed focuses of increased activity of non-specific esterase decreased activity of dehydrogenase of lactic acid and a positive reaction of acid phosphatase.

[Ultrastructural study of the hypothalamic region after administration of aurothioglucose in mice]. / Ultrastruktúrne pozorovanie hypotalamickej oblasti po aplikácii aurothioglukózy u mysí.

Aurothioglucose dose of 1 mg g-1 1. w. was applied intraperitoneally to experimental female mice. After 24 hours the animals were decapitated and samples for ultrastructural examination were immediately taken from the region of the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus. The following findings were obtained from the study of 243 electronograms of 8 experimental animals: 1. dense round particles 0.034 to 0.016 mu in size, representing the gold of aurothioglucose; 2. parenchymatous dystrophy of the mitochondria; 3. peeling off of the individual layers of myelin sheath and the granularity of these layers corresponding to the disintegration of nerve fibres.

[Histological studies on cow intestinal mucosa and electron microscopic studies of the ruminal epithelium of cows fed a deficient diet for a prolonged time]. / Einige histologische Untersuchungen der Schleimhaut des Verdauungstraktes sowie elektronenmikroskopische Studien des Pansenepithels bei langfristig mit einer einseitigen Diät gefütterten Kühen

Histological and histochemical studies were carried out on the gastro-intestinal mucosa of three experimental cows (roughages/maize silage) and three control animals. The animals were slaughtered on termination of the long-term trial. Mucosa samples were taken, for further study, from the rumen, the duodenum, the jejunum, the large intestine and the appendix. Histochemical analysis did not reveal any essential differences in the activities of non-specific esterase, alkaline and acid phosphatase and lactic acid dehydrogenase in the mucosa of the rumen, the large and the small intestine and the appendix of both the experimental animals and the controls. The experimental animals were found to exhibit a higher rate of glutamate-dehydrogenase activity in the ruminal mucosa and in the mucosa of the large and small intestine. A higher succinate dehydrogenase activity was observed in the ruminal mucosa of the experimental animals, relative to that of the controls, while the activity in the intestinal mucosa was decreased. Only slight changes were noted in the activity of the enzymatic systems tested. Electron microscopic studies did not reveal any differences in the ultrastructure of the epithelial cells of the ruminal mucosa in both the experimental animal and the controls.

[Activity values of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in the serum of farm aminals]. / Hodnoty aktivít izoenzýmov dehydrogenázy kyseliny mliecnej séra hospodárskych zvierat

The authors describe selected methods of agar-gel electrophoresis enabling the qualitative and quantitative study of LDH isoenzymes in animal serum. Isoenzyme values: horse LDH-1 33.0%, LDH-2 27.9%, LDH-3 24.3%, LDH-4 9.6%, LDH-5 5.2%; sheep LDH-1 57%, LDH-2 10.8%, LDH-3 21.6%, LDH-4 5.2%, LDH-5 5.4%; cow LDH-1 45.9%, LDH-2 25.8%, LDH-3 15%, LDH-4 7%, LDH-5 6.8%; pig LDH-1 44.4%, LDH-2 24.9%, LDH-3 13.6%, LDH-4 8.8%, LDH-5 8.3%. Under the same conditions, the lowest degree of heterogeneity was found in the enzyme of sheep serum.