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1.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 4(1): 3-34, jan.mar.2020. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1381780

ABSTRACT

Asma grave é a asma que requer tratamento com altas doses de corticosteroide inalado associado a um segundo medicamento de controle (e/ou corticosteroide sistêmico) para impedir que se torne "descontrolada" ou permaneça "descontrolada" apesar do tratamento. Asma grave é considerada um subtipo de asma de difícil tratamento. A prevalência em crianças evidenciada pelo International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood variou entre 3,8% e 6,9%. Existem diversos instrumentos para avaliação subjetiva, como diários de sintomas e questionários, bem como para avaliação objetiva com função pulmonar e avaliação da inflamação por escarro induzido, ou óxido nítrico exalado. A abordagem terapêutica varia desde doses altas de corticosteroide inalado e/ou oral, broncodilatadores de longa duração, antaganonistas de receptores muscarínicos, até os mais recentes imunobiológicos que bloqueiam a IgE ou IL-5.


Severe asthma is asthma that requires treatment with high doses of inhaled corticosteroids in combination with a second control drug (and/or a systemic corticosteroid) to prevent it from becoming "uncontrolled" or remaining "uncontrolled" despite treatment. Severe asthma is considered a difficult-to-treat asthma subtype. The prevalence in children found by the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood ranged from 3.8% to 6.9%. There are several instruments for subjective assessment, such as symptom diaries and questionnaires, as well as for objective assessment, including pulmonary function testing and evaluation of inflammation by induced sputum or exhaled nitric oxide. The therapeutic approach includes high doses of inhaled and/or oral corticosteroids, long-acting bronchodilators, muscarinic receptor antagonists, and the latest biologics that block IgE or IL-5.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Pediatrics , Asthma , Societies, Medical , Bronchodilator Agents , Immunoglobulin E , Interleukin-5 , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Respiratory Therapy , Signs and Symptoms , Sinusitis , Sputum , Therapeutics , Vocal Cords , Nebulizers and Vaporizers , Influenza Vaccines , Prevalence , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , Pneumococcal Vaccines , Diagnosis, Differential , Allergy and Immunology , Rhinitis, Allergic , Omalizumab , Nitric Oxide , Obesity
2.
J Pediatr (Rio J) ; 76(1): 44-48, 2000.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14647700

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of recurrent episodes of pneumonia in patients referred to the pulmonology outpatient unit at "Serviço de Pneumologia Pediatrica" of the Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira/UFRJ and to review the recurrent concept in accordance to medical references currently available. METHODS: Data were obtained by reviewing all documented initial appointments from January 1st, 1995 up to April 30th, 1997. RESULTS: One hundred and one visits out of six hundred and thirty eight appointments with suspected diagnosis of recurrent episodes of pneumonia were studied. In less than 40% of this population the initial diagnosis was in accordance with the criteria usually required in our unit to perform such diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the recurrent nature of pneumonia episodes should be further clarified and discussed with pediatricians because it is up to them to refer such patients to specialists. Furthermore we emphasize the importance of normal chest roentgenograms taken between acute episodes so that "recurrent pneumonia" can be adequately characterized. This may help identify those patients who need subsequent evaluation by specialists regarding complementary diagnosis.

3.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 74(4): 333-7, jul.-ago. 1998. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-234923

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Alertar os pediatras para uma síndrome cuja principal característica é a anomalia da caixa torácica que evolui, geralmente, para insuficiência respiratória e óbito nos primeiros dois anos de vida. Métodos: Relato de três casos de pacientes com características clínicas e radiológicas compatíveis com distrofia torácica asfixiante (síndrome de Jeune): caixa torácica pequena, estreita e desenvolvimento anormal de costelas. Faz-se a seguir uma breve revisäo da literatura. Resultados: Os três pacientes acompanhados encontram-se em idade pré-escolar, contrapondo-se à maioria dos casos da literatura, cujas evoluçöes säo geralmente insatisfatórias. Até o momento näo apresentaram complicaçöes pulmonares graves ou insuficiência respiratória. Conclusöes: Embora salientando a raridade da síndrome, esta deve ser suspeitada no diagnóstico diferencial das anomalias da caixa torácica. Ressalta-se o grau variável de acometimento pulmonar e voluçäo da doença, embora dados da literatura revelem, em sua maioria, mau prognóstico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Thorax/abnormalities
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