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1.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 33(2): 116-122, 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-726136

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El shock cardiogénico (SC) es la complicación más grave del infarto agudo al miocardio (IAM). La mortalidad del SC varía entre un 40-60%. Con el acceso a la angioplastía primaria, el pronóstico del SC ha mejorado en los últimos años, aunque la mortalidad permanece elevada. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar las características clínicas, predictores de mortalidad intrahospitalaria y a largo plazo de los pacientes con IAM complicados con SC en 3 centros hospitalarios con disponibilidad de hemodinamia de urgencia las 24 horas del día.Métodos y Resultados. Estudio analítico observacional. Se incluyeron pacientes entre Enero 2009 y Agosto 2013. La mortalidad se confirmó por certificado de defunción emitido por el registro civil. En el período estudiado se encontraron 101 pacientes con IAM con SC, con una mortalidad intrahospitalaria de 40.8% y global de 53.5% con un seguimiento medio de 1.6 años. No hubo deiferencias significativas entre vivos y fallecidos, respecto de la edad de presentación, antecedentes CV, enfermedad renal, PCR al momento de presentación, tiempo transcurrido desde la presentación del SC, trombo-aspiración, uso de balón de contrapulsación intraórtico (BCIAo), ni resultado angiográfico final. El grupo de mortalidad presentaba mayor número de vasos enfermos (83.3% vs 63.2%; p:0.012), peor fracción de eyección (Fe<30% 66.7% vs 22.5%; p<0,001). Los predictores ajustados de mortalidad intrahospitalaria fueron la presencia de 2 o más vasos enfermos OR 2.9 (IC 95% 1.19-7,1; p= 0.012), y la FE < 30% (OR 6.8, IC 95% 2.23 - 21.27; p=0.001)...


Background. Cardiogenic shock in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with a high mortality rate (40-60%). An improvement in this prognosis has followed the introduction of primary angioplasty. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and angiographic characteristics as well as to determine the early and late mortality in patients with St elevation AMI and cardiogenic shock undergoing primary angioplasty in 3 hospital centers where this procedure was available on a 24hr basis.Methods and Results. We analyzed the clinical an angiographic data of patients treated with primary PTCA for AMI and cardiogenic shock from January 2009 to August 2013. Mortality was confirmed by the data from a National Statistics Office. 101 patients were included and followed for an average of 1.6 years after primary PTCA. Early and total mortality rates were 40.8% and 53.5%, respectively. No differences were found between survivors and non survivors regarding age, risk factors, previous cardiovascular disease, renal failure, CRP and time to PTCA. Intracoronary thrombus aspiration, use of intra-aortic balloon pumping or final angiographic findings were also similar between groups. Compared to survivors, deceased patients had more vessels involved (>= 2 vessels in 83.3% vs 63.2%, respectively, p=0.012) and lower EF (under 30% in 66.7% vs 22.5%, respectively, p<0.001). Predictors of hospital mortality were the presence of >= 2 vessel disease (OR 2.9, 95% C.I. 1.19 - 7.1, p=0.012) and EF under 30% (OR 6.8, C.I. 2.23 - 21.27, p= 0.001)...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/methods , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/mortality , Shock, Cardiogenic/complications , Myocardial Infarction/mortality , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Shock, Cardiogenic/mortality , Follow-Up Studies , Hospital Mortality , Observational Study , Prognosis
2.
Cardiovasc Revasc Med ; 14(1): 4-8, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23337378

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Distal embolization of thrombus/platelet aggregates decreases myocardial reperfusion during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and is associated with worse immediate and long-term prognosis of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). OBJECTIVE: Assess the efficacy of a mesh covered stent (MGuard™ stent, MGS) in preventing distal embolization and microvascular reperfusion impairment during primary PCI, compared with a bare metal stent (BMS). METHODS: Forty patients with STEMI referred for primary PCI were randomized for stenting the culprit lesion with the MGS (n = 20) or a BMS (n = 20). Blinded experts performed off-line measurements of angiographic epicardial and microvascular reperfusion criteria: TIMI flow grade, myocardial blush, corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC). RESULTS: At baseline clinical, angiographic and procedural variables were not different between groups. Post PCI TIMI flow grade was similar in both groups. We observed better myocardial Blush grade in group MGS compared to BMS (median value 3.0 vs 2.5, 2p = 0.006) and cTFC (mean cTFC: MGS 19.65 ± 4.07 vs BMS 27.35 ± 7.15, 2p < 0.001, cTFC mean difference MGS-BMS: 7.7, CI 95%: 3.94 to 11.46). MGS stent group had a higher percentage of successful angioplasty (cTFC ≤ 23: MGS 85% vs BMS 30%, 2p < 0.001). We had two cases of acute stent thrombosis (one for each group) at 30days follow up, but no clinical events at 6 months follow up. CONCLUSIONS: In this exploratory study, MGS significantly improved microvascular reperfusion criteria compared with a BMS in primary PCI. However its safety and impact on clinical outcomes should be verified in larger randomized clinical trials.


Subject(s)
Coronary Circulation , Metals , Microcirculation , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/instrumentation , Stents , Surgical Mesh , Adult , Aged , Chi-Square Distribution , Chile , Coronary Angiography , Embolism/etiology , Embolism/prevention & control , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Myocardial Infarction/diagnostic imaging , Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/adverse effects , Prosthesis Design , Thrombosis/etiology , Thrombosis/prevention & control , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
3.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 29(2): 179-184, ago. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-577263

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La microembolización se asocia a más eventos cardiovasculares adversos (MACE) especialmente en angioplastía (PTCA) de puentes venosos aortocoronarios (PAC) o en síndrome coronario agudo (SCA). El stent MGuard evitaría la embolización distal. Nuestro objetivo: evaluar el stent con micromalla de dacron como alternativa de protección embólica. Métodos: Registro prospectivo de PTCA con stent MGuard en de SCA de PAC y vasos nativos. Resultados: 15 angioplastias, de ellas 53 por ciento con infarto agudo miocárdico con supradesnivel de ST (IAM con SDST). PTCA en vasos nativos: 60 por ciento y PAC: 40 por ciento (antigüedad: 13 +/- 3 años). El 53 por ciento tuvo flujo inicial TIMI 0-1, alto contenido trombótico (66 por ciento: 4-5 en escala de trombos TIMI). Se predilató la lesión en 73 por ciento de los casos, se empleó Reopro en 2 casos, no se usó filtros de protección ni aspirador de trombos. Las dimensiones del stent MGuard: 22.2 +/- 4.4 mm de largo por 3.7 +/- 0.44 mm de diámetro. El 100 por ciento con flujo TIMI 3 final, 93 por ciento con impregnación miocárdica grado 3. Subgrupo de IAM con SDST: 71 por ciento obtuvo < 23 cuadros TIMI/segundo, 100 por ciento con regresión del SDST mayor de 50 por ciento a 90 minutos de PTCA. Subgrupo de PTCA de PAC: (excepto caso de PTCA de PAC en IAM c/SDST) no se registró elevación de la CK total o MB post PTCA. Seguimiento: un caso de trombosis al mes. Conclusión: El MGuard stent parece ser efectivo en la protección de la microcirculación. Se requieren estudios para evaluar la seguridad clínica y eficacia en protección embólica.


Background: Coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is associated to a greater incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with stenosis of saphenous vein grafts (SVG) and in those with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The MGuard stent, a device with a dacron micro mesh, is currently being evaluated for the prevention of distal thrombotic embolization in these patients. Aim to evaluate the MGuard stent, for the prevention of distal embolization. Methods: analysis of a prospective registry of patients submitted to PTCA for ACS in native coronary arteries or occluded SVG using the MGuard stent. Results: 15 PTCA procedures were performed, 53 percent in patients with ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STE-MI). PTCA was performed in native vessels in 60 percent patients and in SVG in 40 percent. Interval from surgery in these patients was 13+/-3 years. 53 percent of patients had initial TIMI fow rate 0-1 and 66 percent had a thrombotic load of 4-5 (TIMI scale). Lesions were predilated in 73 percent of cases; abxicimab was used in 2 patients and no protection filters or thrombus aspiration were performed. MGuard stent dimensions were 22.2+/-4.4 mm in length, and 3.7+/-0.44 mm in diameter. Final TIMI 3 fow was observed in all patients; 93 percent of then had grade 3 myocardial impregnation. In the subgroup of patients with STE-MI, a 23 frames/sec TIMI frame count was observed with >50 percent reduction of ST elevation 90 min after PTCA. In patients with SVG, except one patient with ACS, no elevation of total or MB- CK was observed. Follow up revealed reocclusion in 1 patient, 1 month after the procedure. Conclusion: The MGuard stent appears to be an effective device to protect the microcirculation form distal embolization during PTCA. Studies with larger number of patients and extended periods of follow up are encouraged by these results.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/instrumentation , Embolism/prevention & control , Stents , Acute Coronary Syndrome/therapy , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/methods , Follow-Up Studies , Prospective Studies , Prostheses and Implants
4.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 29(1): 146-154, 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-554864

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Dentro de las complicaciones más importantes de la fibrilación auricular (FA) se encuentra el accidente vascular encefálico embólico (AVE), siendo la terapia anticoagulante oral (TACO) la principal herramienta para su prevención. Cerca de un 20 por ciento de los pacientes con FA presentan condiciones clínicas que impiden su uso. Como la orejuela izquierda (01) ha sido identificada como el principal sitio de formación de trombos en la FA no valvular, se ha postulado que su oclusión podría disminuir la incidencia de eventos embólicos en este tipo de pacientes. Con este objetivo se han desarrollado múltiples técnicas, tanto quirúrgicas como dispositivos percutáneos para el cierre de esta estructura. En esta publicación se presenta la experiencia del cierre percutáneo de la 01 en tres pacientes, con el uso del dispositivo Amplatzer Cardiac Plug (ACP). Métodos: Los tres pacientes tenían alto riesgo embólico y contraindicación para uso de TACO. El procedimiento se realizó en el laboratorio de hemodinamia, bajo guía radioscópica y ecocardiográfica, con anestesia general. Resultados: Se logró la oclusión completa de la 01 en todos los pacientes, realizando además el cierre de un foramen oval permeable (FOP) en uno de ellos. Uno de los pacientes presentó derrame pericárdico el cual requirió pericardiocentesis. Los pacientes no presentaron otras complicaciones. Luego de un seguimiento de 6 meses no se han evidenciado eventos embólicos en ninguno de ellos. Conclusión: En esta experiencia preliminar, hemos comprobado la factibilidad de la oclusión de la 01 con el uso del dispositivo Amplatzer Cardiac Plug, en pacientes con FA con alto riesgo embólico y malos candidatos a TACO.


Embolic Stroke is a major concern in patients with atrial fibrillation. Anticoagulant therapy is the preferred tool to prevent this complication, but some patients have contraindications to anticoagulation. Most of the thrombus originates at the left atrial appendage (LAA), so the closure of LAA could prevent embolization of thrombus. Three patients with high embolic risk and contraindication to anticoagulant therapy were treated at our institution with an occlude device of the LAA (Amplatzer Cardiac Plug). Implantation of the device was successful in all the patients; one had a hem pericardium and underwent pericardiocentesis without further consequences. Patients were discharged without anticoagulants. After 6 months of follow-up, no embolic complications have been reported. In this preliminary experience, we report the feasibility of the closure of LAA with the Amplatzer Cardiac Plug Device.


Subject(s)
Atrial Appendage/pathology , Intracranial Embolism/prevention & control , Atrial Fibrillation/complications , Atrial Fibrillation/therapy , Prostheses and Implants , Septal Occluder Device , Stroke/prevention & control , Anticoagulants , Embolization, Therapeutic/instrumentation , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome
5.
Rev. bras. cardiol. invasiva ; 17(3): 335-339, jul.-set. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: lil-535092

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: A superioridade da angioplastia primária em relação aos fibrinolíticos já foi amplamente demonstrada em diversos estudos, mas, muitas vezes, por questões logísticas, observamos retardo na incorporação das recomendações nos diversos cenários de vida real. Comparamos o desempenho da angioplastia primária no Registro SOLACI em três períodos a partir de 1995. MÉTODO: O Registro SOLACI incluiu dados de 43.725 angioplastias primárias realizadas nos períodos de 1995-1997 (n = 6.793), 2000-2003 (n = 23.007) e 2007-2008 (n = 13.925). RESULTADOS: Observamos complexidade crescente dos pacientes tratados, com incremento do porcentual de mulheres, diabéticos, e pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio prévio e com disfunção ventricular moderada a grave. O sucesso do procedimento manteve-se elevado (> 91%) em todos os períodos, independentemente do instrumental utilizado. Adicionalmente, notamos diminuição expressiva do tempo porta-balão, uso crescente dos stents e redução de 45% na utilização dos inibidores da glicoproteína IIb/IIIa. No que tange à evolução hospitalar, em comparação ao período de 1995-1997, observamos, nos períodos de 20002003 e 2007-2008, decréscimo da mortalidade (9,1% vs. 5,3% e 4,5%) e redução do reinfarto (4,1% vs. 2,6% e 2,7%) e da necessidade urgente de nova revascularização (3,5% vs. 0,7% e 0,7%). CONCLUSÃO: Apesar do perfil de risco mais complexo, a incorporação dos avanços tecnológicos e a redução do tempo porta-balão resultaram em melhora dos desfechos cardíacos hospitalares pós-angioplastia primária na América Latina.


INTRODUCTION: The superiority of primary angioplasty compared to fibrinolytic agents has been broadly demonstrated in different studies, but due to logistic issues we have observed a delay in the implementation of the recommendations in real world scenarios. We compared primary angioplasty results at three different timepoints in the SOLACI Registry. METHOD: The SOLACI Registry included data of 43,725 primary angioplasties carried out from 1995-97 (n = 6,793), 2000-03 (n = 23,007) and 2007-08 (n = 13,925). RESULTS: An increasing complexity of treated patients was observed, with an increment in the percentage of women, diabetics, patients with prior myocardial infarction and patients with moderate to severe ventricular dysfunction. Procedural success remained high (> 91%) at all timepoints, regardless of the device used. In addition, we observed a significant decrease of door-to-balloon time, increased use of stents and a 45% decrease in the use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Regarding in-hospital outcomes, a decreased mortality (9.1% vs. 5.3% vs. 4.5%), reinfarction (4.1% vs. 2.6% vs. 2.7%) and target vessel revascularization procedures (3.5% vs. 0.7% vs. 0.7%) was observed. CONCLUSION: Despite the more complex risk profile, the incorporation of technological advances and the reduction of door-to-balloon time led to improved inhospital cardiac outcomes after primary angioplasty in Latin America.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Latin America , Angioplasty/methods , Angioplasty , Stents
6.
Hypertension ; 53(4): 733-8, 2009 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19204177

ABSTRACT

Because hypertensive pregnancies have been associated with increased cardiovascular disease, we aimed to identify whether angiographically characterized coronary artery disease differed in women with previous normotensive pregnancies or hypertensive pregnancies (HPs). The study group included 217 parous women, aged 60.9+/-9.2 (SD) years, who required coronary angiography between January 2006 and December 2007, 36.8+/-9.9 and 28.8+/-10.5 years after their first and last pregnancy, respectively; 146 had normotensive pregnancies and 71 had >/=1 HP, according to a questionnaire including reproductive history and cardiovascular risks. Body mass index, smoking, and frequency of diabetes were similar in both groups. Chronic hypertension (93% versus 78%; P=0.007), hyperlipidemia (82% versus 69%; P=0.049), and premature familial cardiovascular disease (42% versus 20%; P=0.001) prevailed in HPs. Participants with HPs were younger (58.9+/-8.3 versus 61.9+/-9.6 years; P=0.025) than participants with normotensive pregnancies. Although 49% of all participants had hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease (>/=70% stenosis), no differences were observed between groups in the number of stenotic arteries; however, their number increased by 28% and 22% over a 10-year period in HPs and normotensive pregnancies, respectively (P=0.034). Multivariate analysis showed that HPs had a nonsignificant risk of having coronary artery disease (odds ratio: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.64 to 2.28), and being a current smoker (odds ratio: 4.13; 95% CI: 1.85 to 9.25), a diabetic (odds ratio: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.85 to 9.25), or having a family history of premature cardiovascular disease (odds ratio: 2.34; 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.39) significantly increased the risk of coronary artery disease. This study demonstrates that women with HPs have earlier coronary disease, probably related to intermediate cardiovascular risks that have a gestational expression.


Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Disease/epidemiology , Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/epidemiology , Pre-Eclampsia/epidemiology , Aged , Blood Pressure , Case-Control Studies , Coronary Angiography , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Menopause , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Parity , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Smoking/epidemiology
9.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 25(3): 247-252, oct.-dic. 2006. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-451687

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La angioplastía primaria es el método más efectivo de reperfusión en el infarto agudo al miocardio (IAM). Sin embargo, no en todos los pacientes en los que se logra restaurar el flujo epicárdico se consigue una rerperfusión eficaz, lo cual puede deberse a migración de trombos durante el procedimiento. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la aspiración de trombos en el IAM, mediante uso de catéter ad hoc, sin oclusión distal. Método: Se incluyeron 33 pacientes con IAM sometidos a angioplastía primaria desde diciembre del 2004 a octubre de 2005, 19 en el grupo de aspiración de trombos y 14 en el grupo control. La arteria culpable debía ser >2,5 mm. Ningunotenía falla ventricular izquierda. La aspiración de trombos se hizo mediante catéter Export, compatible con catéter guía 6 French. A todos los pacientes se les implantó stent. La reperfusión precoz se evaluó por disminución mayor al 50 por ciento del supradesnivel del ST (SDST) a los 60 minutos de la última inyección y el remodelamiento miocárdico por el aumento mayor al 20 por ciento de los volúmenes ventriculares izquierdos a los 6 meses post infarto medidos por ecocardiograma. El análisis estadistico incluyó chi cuadrado y T de student para muestras no pareadas. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 64 ± 9 años, 23 hombres (69 por ciento). No hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos en edad, hipertensión, dislipidemia, diabetes, función ventricular y tiempo de evolución del infarto. Los pacientes del grupo aspiración eran mayoritariamente hombres (81 versus 33 por ciento, p< 0.05)). La arteria culpable fue con mayor frecuencia la descendente anterior (56 y 50 por ciento, p=NS) y el diámetro de referencia del vaso de 3,2 y 3,4 mm (p=NS) en aspiración y control, respectivamente. La disminución precoz del SDST fue de 69 y 83 por ciento (p=0,4) y el remodelamiento a los 6 meses de 13 y 17 por ciento (p=0,2) en aspiración y control respectivamente. Al analizar sólo los pacientes con trombos angiográfi...


Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Catheterization , Embolism/prevention & control , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Myocardial Reperfusion/methods , Suction , Thrombolytic Therapy/methods , Coronary Thrombosis/therapy , Angioplasty , Cohort Studies , Combined Modality Therapy , Coronary Angiography , Echocardiography , Electrocardiography , Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Coronary Thrombosis/diagnosis
10.
Rev. bras. cardiol. invasiva ; 14(02): 109-114, abr/mai/jun 2006. tab
Article in English | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1066939

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: Estudos randomizados ajudaram a elucidar o valor dos stents com eluição de fármacos (SEF) em subgrupos selecionados de pacientes diabéticos, mas pouco se sabe se estes resultados podem ser generalizados para a prática clinica cotidiana. Nós relatamos a experiência latino-americana contemporânea com o implante de SEF em diabéticos, utilizando o banco de dados do registro SOLACI do ano de 2003. Método e Resultado: dados foram coletados de 5.509 dibéticos que se submeteram ao implante de stents coronários, em 67 centros médicos de nove países. Destes, 4.724 (85,8%) receberam stents metálicos não recobertos (SM), 440 (8,0%) stents om eluição de paclitaxel (SEP). A média das idades foi de 62,1 anos e 62,6% eram do sexo masculino...


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Aged , Humans , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary , Diabetes Mellitus , Coronary Disease , Stents
11.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 25(1): 9-14, ene.-mar. 2006. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-485639

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Uno de los mecanismos que explicaría la variabilidad en la agregación plaquetaria observada en la respuesta inhibitoria a clopidogrel es el polimorfismo del receptor P2Y12 de ADP plaquetario, específicamente, el haplotipo H2 y H1/H2. No se ha descrito la prevalencia del haplotipo H1/H2 del receptor plaquetario en pacientes con enfermedad coronaria. Objetivo: Evaluar la presencia del haplotipo H1/H2 del receptor P2Y12 en un grupo de pacientes con enfermedad coronaria Métodos: Estudio prospectivo en pacientes sometidos en forma electiva a angioplastía coronaria con stent. Todos recibieron aspirina y una dosis de carga de clopidogrel de 600 mg, seguido de dosis de mantención de 75 mg/día. En todos se midió agregación plaquetaria previo a la dosis de carga de clopidogrel (día 0) y luego entre 6º y 8º día det ratamiento. La agregación plaquetaria se expresó de acuerdo al porcentaje de cambio respecto del valor basal. Se utilizó test t student pareado para evaluar el porcentaje de cambio. Se amplificó el segmento de interés del ADN de los pacientes mediante PCR y se determinó la presencia del haplotipo H1/H2 usando enzimas de restricción. Resultados: Se enrolaron 40 pacientes, 34 (85 por ciento) hombres, edad promedio 61 +/-12 años. El promedio de agregación plaquetaria, previo y durante terapia con clopidogrel fue de 64 +/-10 por ciento y 41 +/-14 por ciento, respectivamente (p<0.0001) frente a ADP 8 µM. La respuesta de agregación a clopidogrel presentó una distribución normal según el test de Kolmogorov-Smirnov (p=0.58). Los pacientes se estratificaron de acuerdo al porcentaje de cambio en cuartiles y el cuartil de menor cambio representó una diferencia menor a 10 por ciento. De estos pacientes, 30 por ciento (3 pacientes) tenían el haplotipo H1/H2. En total, se demostró la presencia del haplotipo H1/H2 en 4 (10 por ciento) pacientes...


Background: One factor influencing the variability in the anti aggregation effect of clopidogrel is the polymorphism of the platelet P2Y12 ADP receptor, specifically the H2 and H1/H2 haplotypes. The prevalence of the H1/H2 haplotype has not been described in patients with coronary artery disease. Aim: To evaluate the presence of H1/H2 haplotype of P2Y12 receptor in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in patients undergoing elective PTCA with stenting. All received aspirin followed by a loading dose of clopidogrel 600 mg and a maintenance dose of 75 mg daily. Platelet aggregation was measured prior to the loading clopidogrel dose and at 6 and 8 days post treatment. Platelet aggregation was indicated as the percent change over the basal value. The Student’s t test was used to evaluate the response. The DNA segment involved was amplified by PCR and the H1/H2 haplotype was determined using restriction enzymes. Results: Fourty patients (85 percent males) with mean age 61 years (SD 12) were studied. Mean platelet aggregation changed from a basal value of 64+/-10 to a post clopidogrel value of 41 +/-14 percent (p<0.0001) with an ADP level of 8 µM. The platelet aggregation response was normal according to Kolmogorov-Smirnov. The lowest quartile of platelet aggregation showed a <10 percent change. Three patients in this group (30 percent) had the H1/H2 haplotype. The overall incidence of this haplotype was 10 percent (4 patients). Conclusion: Clopidogrel does not induce a significant decreased platelet aggregation in 25 percent of patients subjected to coronary angioplasty. A third of this patients exhibited the H1/H2 haplotype for the P2Y12 receptor. This group of patients might be at increased risk from subsequent cardiovascular events.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Platelet Aggregation , Coronary Disease/genetics , Coronary Disease/metabolism , Platelet Aggregation/genetics , Genetic Variation , Haplotypes , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/pharmacology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Genetic , Prospective Studies , /analysis , /genetics , Ticlopidine/antagonists & inhibitors , Ticlopidine/pharmacology
12.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 24(2): 125-129, abr.-jun. 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-423525

ABSTRACT

Introducción : Se ha sostenido que el tratamiento de elección del infarto agudo al miocardio (IAM) sería la Angioplastía Primaria (AP). Para optimizar el resultado de la AP, esta debe ser efectuada sin demoras. En nuestro país existe escasa información acerca del cumplimiento de las recomendaciones internacionales al respecto. Objetivo: Estudiar los tiempos transcurridos entre el inicio del dolor hasta la realización de la AP, y evaluar si existen o no diferencias respecto al horario en que ocurrió el evento. Método: Estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes (pac) con IAM sometidos a una AP desde enero de 2002 a junio de 2003 en nuestro centro. Los horarios de la AP fueron definidos como hábil (HA), nocturno (HN) y festivo (HF). Los resultados se expresan como promedio ± DS y las comparaciones entre los grupo se efectuaron con ANOVA. Resultados: Se analizaron 103 pac, edad 59± 12 años, 78 por ciento hombres.


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Patient Transfer , Myocardial Reperfusion/standards , Chile , Emergencies , Reference Standards , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors
13.
Rev Med Chil ; 133(2): 183-9, 2005 Feb.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15824827

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies suggest an association between periodontal disease and coronary heart disease. It is possible that periodontal disease may contribute to plaque destabilization in patients with acute coronary syndrome. AIM: To assess the association between severity of periodontal disease, the number of acute plaques and extension of coronary artery disease in patients with acute coronary syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The severity of periodontal disease was assessed by skilled independent observers in patients with acute coronary syndrome subjected to coronary angiography. The periodental disease was classified as mild or severe. Acute plaques were defined on angiography as those with thrombi, ulcers or flow alterations. The extension of coronary disease was analyzed using the Sullivan score. RESULTS: Forty three patients (35 males) aged 41 to 83 years, were studied. Mild and severe periodontal disease was present in 18 (42%) and 25 (58%) patients respectively. Seventy six percent of those with severe disease had two or more acute plaques, compared with 17% of those with mild disease (p<0.001). Median Sullivan score was 80.6 and 57.2 in patients with severe or mild periodontal disease respectively (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Severe periodontal disease was associated with a higher number of acute coronary plasques and a higher extension of coronary artery disease, in patients with acute coronary syndromes.


Subject(s)
Angina, Unstable/etiology , Coronary Artery Disease/etiology , Dental Plaque Index , Periodontal Diseases/complications , Acute Disease , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Analysis of Variance , Chronic Disease , Coronary Angiography , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Severity of Illness Index , Socioeconomic Factors
14.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 24(1): 71-76, ene.-mar. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-419210

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: El infarto del miocardio (IAM) tratado con trombolíticos tiene mayor mortalidad en mujeres que en hombres. Objetivo: Estudiar la mortalidad, según sexo, del IAM tratado mediante angioplastía primaria. Métodos: Se utilizaron los datos de los 3 últimos años del registro multicéntrico chileno de angioplastía coronaria (RENAC). Comparamos la mortalidad hospitalaria entre hombres y mujeres con IAM tratados con angioplastía primaria, ajustando las diferencias por edad, comorbilidad, número de vasos comprometidos, función ventricular y resultado de la angioplastía. Además se compararon entre ambos sexos la mortalidad por grupo etario y el intervalo entre el inicio de los síntomas y el tratamiento. Resultados: En el período analizado, en el RENAC existían 637 pacientes con IAM tratados con angioplastía primaria, 77 por ciento de los cuales eran hombres. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue 4.3 por ciento en hombres y 14 por ciento en mujeres (p<0.01). No hubo diferencias por sexo en el número de vasos comprometidos, fracción de eyección < 50 por ciento, uso de stents o en el éxito angiográfico (89 hombres vs 86 por ciento mujeres, ns). Las mujeres tenían mayor edad (65±12 vs 59±12 años, p<0.01), incidencia de diabetes (29 vs 19 por ciento, p<0.01) e hipertensión (78 vs 44 por ciento, p<0.01). En el análisis multivariado persistió el mayor riesgo de mortalidad en las mujeres (OR 3.29, 95 por ciento IC: 1.41-7.69, p = 0.006), pero sólo en el grupo > 70 años (24 vs 7 por ciento, p<0.01). Conclusión: En personas menores de 70 años, la angioplastía primaria permitiría disminuir la diferencia pronóstica del IAM entre mujeres y hombres.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary , Myocardial Infarction/mortality , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Age Factors , Multivariate Analysis , Chile , Comorbidity , Diabetes Mellitus/complications , Hospital Mortality , Hypertension/complications , Logistic Models , Sex Factors , Thrombolytic Therapy
15.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 24(1): 77-82, ene.-mar. 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-419211

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La angioplastía primaria (AP) disminuye la mortalidad del infarto agudo del miocardio (IAM), pero en los pacientes diabéticos esto está en investigación. Objetivo: Evaluar el rol de la diabetes mellitus como factor pronóstico en el IAM reperfundido por AP. Métodos: Se incluyeron 304 pacientes ingresados por IAM con SDST de menos de 12 horas de evolución tratados con AP en el período 2000-2003. Se consideraron factores de riesgo y parámetros clínicos y angiográficos. Los pacientes fueron controlados hasta 12 meses luego del alta. Se estudiaron mortalidad precoz (1 mes post evento) y 12 meses, y los eventos combinados de muerte, infarto y revascularización al año (MACE). Resultados: La edad promedio de los pacientes fue 62 ± 14 años; 234 eran hombres (77 por ciento), y 46 pacientes eran diabéticos (15 por ciento). No hubo diferencias significativas entre diabéticos y no diabéticos en edad, presencia de hipertensión, dislipidemia, tabaquismo, antecedentes de IAM o revascularización previa, FE, Killip, Flujo TIMI alcanzado o número de vasos comprometidos. Hubo menos mujeres en el grupo de diabéticos. La mortalidad precoz y al año fue de 9,3 por ciento y 16,3 por ciento en diabéticos y de 5,3 por ciento y 9,4 por ciento en no diabéticos (pNS). Los eventos combinados al año ocurrieron en un 37,2 por ciento en diabéticos vs. 23,4 por ciento en no diabéticos, p=0,06. La incidencia de MACE al año fue significativa en un modelo multivariado que incluyó DM, sexo femenino, HTA, dislipidemia, tabaquismo y fracción de eyección por ventriculografía. Conclusión: La presencia de DM se asocia a mayor incidencia MACE en el seguimiento al año en pacientes sometidos a AP por IAM.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary , Diabetes Mellitus/complications , Myocardial Infarction/mortality , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Case-Control Studies , Chile , Follow-Up Studies , Hyperlipidemias , Hypertension/complications , Logistic Models , Myocardial Revascularization , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Tobacco Use Disorder/adverse effects
16.
Rev Med Chil ; 132(8): 913-22, 2004 Aug.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15478292

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Coronary angioplasty was introduced in Chile in 1982, but only after the introduction of stents it became commonplace. However the results of this procedure at the national level remain largely unknown. AIM: To assess the results and characteristics of coronary angioplasty and develop a national registry in Chile (RENAC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: All centers performing angioplasty were invited to contribute prospectively with the clinical, angiographic, procedural characteristics and results of all consecutive coronary angioplasty procedures attempted between June 2001 and October 2002. RESULTS: In 10 centers, 1768 lesions were treated in 1484 procedures (22.98% in women). Mean age was 60.8 +/- 11.3 years old. Diabetes was found in 21.8%, hypertension in 60.2%, dyslipidemia in 52.0%, active smoking in 40.0%, renal failure in 6.2%. Myocardial infarction was recent in 28.4% and acute in 19.7%. Forty eight percent of patients had unstable angina and 15.5% had stable angina. Fifty three percent of patients had single vessel disease and 71%, normal left ventricular eyection fraction. One vessel was treated in 90.6% of patients and 81.7% of lesions were treated with stents, 17.9% only with baloon and in 0.4% with atherectomy. Angiographic success was obtained in 95.2%. Clinical success was obtained in 92.2%, and 95.1% In patients without acute myocardial infarction. Overall inhospital death was 2.2%. In patients without myocardial infarction, the figure was 1.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Coronary angioplasty in Chile is performed mostly for the treatment of acute coronary syndromes. Stents are the most frequently used devices. The high success, low mortality and complications observed are comparable to North American registries.


Subject(s)
Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/statistics & numerical data , Coronary Disease/therapy , Registries , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chile , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Professional Practice , Prospective Studies , Stents/statistics & numerical data
17.
Am Heart J ; 148(2): e9, 2004 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15309012

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Recent human trials with rapamycin-eluting stents have shown very low restenosis rates. However, the high costs of these devices preclude their use in routine angioplasty, especially when considering multiple stenting. We evaluated whether orally administered rapamycin inhibits in-stent neointimal growth in patients with unstable angina. METHODS: We enrolled 15 patients successfully treated with the implantation of a single stent in a single de novo lesion in native coronary arteries. Correct stent expansion and apposition were corroborated with intravascular ultrasound scanning in all patients. Patients received aspirin, clopidogrel, and atorvastatin for 6 months. Rapamycin was administered in a loading dose of 5 mg, followed by 2 mg/day for 4 weeks. RESULTS: The reference diameter was 3.4 +/- 0.4 mm, lesion length was 11.2 +/- 2 mm, lesion type B1 was 36%, and lesion type B2 was 64%. After the procedure, in-stent minimal lumen diameter and diameter stenosis (DS) were 3.3 +/- 0.4 mm and 0.3% +/- 7.5%, respectively. At 10 days, plasma levels of rapamycin were 7.95 +/- 2.6 ng/mL. At 6 months, angiographic determinations demonstrated an in-stent minimal lumen diameter of 2 +/- 1 mm, an in-stent DS of 41.3% +/- 28.0%, and an in-stent late loss of 1.4 +/- 1.1 mm. Binary restenosis (>50% DS) was present in 6 of 15 patients (40%). Target lesion revascularization (coronary artery bypass grafting) was performed in 2 of 15 patients (13.3%). There were no serious adverse events during the 6-month period of follow-up, but 1 patient had severe heartburn caused by esophagitis, and another patient had herpes zoster at the end of the protocol. CONCLUSIONS: Oral rapamycin was well tolerated, but did not suppress in-stent neointimal growth in this small group of patients.


Subject(s)
Angina, Unstable/therapy , Coronary Restenosis/prevention & control , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Sirolimus/therapeutic use , Administration, Oral , Angina, Unstable/drug therapy , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary , Combined Modality Therapy , Coronary Angiography , Coronary Disease/pathology , Coronary Disease/therapy , Coronary Vessels/pathology , Humans , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Immunosuppressive Agents/blood , Pilot Projects , Sirolimus/adverse effects , Sirolimus/blood , Stents , Tunica Intima/drug effects
18.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 23(1): 13-20, ene.-mar. 2004. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-390324

ABSTRACT

La evaluación integral de factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FR) ha permitido diseñar tablas de estratificación de riesgo cardiovascular (RCV), que puedan predecir el riesgo global de sufrir un evento cardiovascular en los próximos 10 años en personas asintomáticas. Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia de FR en personas aparentemente sanas, y estratificarlas según su riesgo de presentar un evento cardiovascular en la próxima década. Métodos: Se estudiaron 12.409 personas sanas (PS), de 25 comunas de Santiago, edad 47,59 +-12 años, (51,5 porciento mujeres, 48,5 porciento hombres). Se evaluó conocimiento de FR, hábito tabáquico y alimentario (consumo de colesterol) actividad física y antecedentes familiares. Se midió presión arterial (PA), índice masa corporal (IMC, circunferencia cintura (CC), colesterol total (CT), y glicemia postprandial >4 hr (Gl). Se estratificaron en niveles de riesgo cardiovascular (RCV), según tablas de evaluación de RCV europeas, que consideran RCV bajo (<5 porciento), leve ( 5-10 porciento), moderado (10-20 porciento), alto (20-40 porciento)y muy alto (>40 porciento) de presentar un evento cardiovascular en los próximos 10 años. Resultados: la prevalencia de FR fue de 21,1 porciento hipertensión sistólica; 19,9 porciento hipertensión diastólica; 53,1 porciento hipercolesterolemia; 37,8 porciento tabaquismo; 68,6 porciento sedentarismo; 23,7 porciento obesidad, 71,1 porciento sobrepeso; y 5 porciento Gl alterada. El 22,8 porciento de la población tenía RCV entre 10 y 20 porciento y 5,6 porciento tenía RCV mayor a 20 porciento de tener un evento en los próximos 10 años. En los niveles de RCV >20 porciento, se encontró cifras significativamente mayores de PA, IMC, CC, CT, tabaquismo, sedentarismo y glicemia. Conclusiones: existe una alta prevalencia de FR. En el 28,4 porciento se encontró riesgo moderado/alto de presentar eventos cardiovasculares en los próximos 10 años. Este grupo presenta también otros FR no considerados en el modelo de estratificación.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy , Chile , Heart Injuries , Risk Groups
19.
Crit Care Med ; 31(8): 2152-5, 2003 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12973173

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) therapy on infarct size and left ventricular function when used as an adjuvant therapy to primary angioplasty. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. SETTING: Cardiac intensive care unit at a university hospital. PATIENTS: Thirty-seven patients with acute myocardial infarction for whom primary angioplasty was indicated. INTERVENTIONS: Eligible patients were randomized by a blinded pharmacist to GIK solution (30% glucose in water with insulin 50 U/L, and KCl 40 mM/L) vs. placebo at 1.5 mL/kg/hr for 24 hrs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Tc 99m sestamibi myocardial scintigraphy was performed at admission and at 3 months. Primary end points were the changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the size of salvaged myocardium. Baseline clinical characteristics were similar in both groups. At the 3-month follow-up, a significant overall decrease in infarct size (37 +/- 16% vs. 12 +/- 10%, p <.005) and an increase in LVEF (34 +/- 13% vs. 49 +/- 9%, p =.005) were observed. Patients randomized to GIK solution experienced a significant increase in their LVEF at 3 months (39 +/- 12 to 51 +/- 13, p =.002). Patients who received placebo had no significant differences between baseline and 3-month measurements (44 +/- 13 vs. 49 +/- 14, p = NS). There was a trend toward an increase in myocardial salvage in the GIK group, which did not reach statistical significance. When patients from both groups were compared directly, differences in LVEF improvement were no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS: GIK solution did not improve LVEF or decrease the infarct size among patients undergoing primary angioplasty.


Subject(s)
Cardioplegic Solutions/administration & dosage , Glucose/administration & dosage , Insulin/administration & dosage , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Potassium/administration & dosage , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary , Chile , Double-Blind Method , Female , Hospitals, University , Humans , Infusions, Intravenous , Intensive Care Units , Male , Middle Aged , Myocardial Infarction/diagnostic imaging , Myocardial Infarction/pathology , Myocardium , Prospective Studies , Radionuclide Imaging , Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi , Treatment Outcome , Ventricular Function, Left
20.
Rev Med Chil ; 130(2): 132-42, 2002 Feb.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11974525

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The implantation of pacemakers improves cardiac function and quality of life, in particular with dual chamber DDD and DDDR modes. AIM: To evaluate our clinical experience and results on pacemaker implantation, from 1963 to 1998. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Computerized data collected from 2,445 consecutive paced patients was reviewed. A total of 3,554 operative procedures were performed, including 412 procedures for complications and 697 pacemaker replacement. Patient survival was determined from clinical records, inquiry to pacemaker manufacturers and death certificates from Servicio de Registro Civil e Identificación de Chile (Chilean Civil and Identification Registry). RESULTS: Use of dual chamber (DDD and DDDR) pacemakers increased progressively up to 74% from 1988 to 1998. Complication rate was 42% in the 1963-1976 study period, it decreased to 10.6% in the 1977-1987 study period, and to 5.6% by 1988-1998. Only two patients died during surgery in the study period (0.08%). In the 1977-1987 period, pacemakers lasted 10.6 years. Survival rates were 52% at ten years, 33% at 15 years, and 21% at 20 years, with a median survival of 11.7 years, and 7.24 years in patients over 80 years old. CONCLUSIONS: Transvenous permanent pacing can be accomplished today with a low complication rate, mainly due to better technology and surgical procedures.


Subject(s)
Pacemaker, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/methods , Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/mortality , Cause of Death , Chi-Square Distribution , Chile/epidemiology , Confidence Intervals , Electrodes, Implanted/classification , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pacemaker, Artificial/adverse effects
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