ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to present and discuss the psychiatric diagnoses of patients who presented psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) during video-electroencephalographic monitoring (VEEG). METHODS: Out of 98 patients, a total of 28 patients presented PNES during the diagnostic procedure. In those cases in which the PNES that occurred during VEEG were validated by clinical history (clinical validation), and by showing the recorded event on video to an observer close to the patient (observer validation), was defined psychogenic non-epileptic seizure disorder (PNESD). Psychiatric diagnoses were made according to DSM-IV. RESULTS: In 27, psychogenic non-epileptic seizures disorder was diagnosed. Fourteen patients presented only with psychogenic non-epileptic seizure disorder, 13 with both psychogenic non-epileptic seizures disorder and epilepsy, and one patient with epilepsy only. Psychiatric diagnoses were: 17 (63%) patients with conversion disorder, five (19%) with somatization disorder, two (7%) with dissociative disorder NOS, two (7%) with post-traumatic stress disorder and one (4%) with undifferentiated somatoform disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Dissociative-conversion non-epileptic seizures are the most frequent finding, representing the pseudoneurological manifestation of mental disorders that have these symptoms as a common feature. Provisionally, they may be defined as dissociative-conversion non-epileptic seizure disorders.
Subject(s)
Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/psychology , Seizures/drug therapy , Seizures/physiopathology , Adult , Conversion Disorder/diagnosis , Conversion Disorder/epidemiology , Conversion Disorder/psychology , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Dissociative Disorders/diagnosis , Dissociative Disorders/epidemiology , Dissociative Disorders/psychology , Electroencephalography , Female , Humans , Male , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Seizures/epidemiology , Severity of Illness Index , Videotape RecordingABSTRACT
Apesar dos avanços no diagnóstico das crises não epilépticas psicogênicas (CNEP), até o presente momento não há tratamentos que sejam padronizados e eficientes. O presente estudo examinou a freqüência de crises e as condições de trabalho e acadêmicas em um grupo de pacientes portadores de CNEP antes e depois de completarem um programa de oito semanas específico, desenvolvido no PROJEPSI (Projeto de Epilepsia e Psiquiatria) do Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, com os objetivos de redução da freqüência de crises e de danos associados ao diagnóstico de CNEP. Ao final do programa de tratamento, 15 pacientes (62,5 por cento) apresentavam-se em remissão e 19 (79,2 por cento) apresentaram melhora do desempenho profissional ou acadêmico. O presente estudo fornece evidências da eficácia do programa de atendimento dos pacientes portadores de CNEP proposto pelo PROJEPSI. O número significativo de pacientes que apresentam remissão e redução do número de crises após a comunicação terapêutica do diagnóstico, do tratamento das comorbidades psiquiátricas e da terapia para redução de danos e crises (TRDC) sugere que o conhecimento da doença por parte dos pacientes, familiares e amigos convidados é essencial ao tratamento.
In spite of the growing interest in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES), this diagnosis clearly lacks both standard protocols and efficient treatment. We analyzed seizure frequency, as well as, academic and working performances in a group of PNES patients, both prior and following a specific eight-week program developed at PROJEPSI (Epilepsy and Psychiatry Project) - Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clinicas, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo. The program targeted seizure reduction and decrease in losses associated to PNES. Fifteen patients (62.5 percent) entered prolonged remission and 19 (79.2 percent) improved academic and professional performances. Our study shows evidence supporting the efficacy of the NES protocol proposed by PROJEPSI. The number of patients presenting with either remission or significant decrease on their seizures following the diagnosis presentation, psychiatric comorbidity treatment and specific therapy aiming to damage and crisis suggests that the knowledge of this condition by patients, family members and friends is key to successful treatment.
