[Method of estimation of lysozyme activity in serum with chitin azure as substrate]. / Metod opredeleniia aktivnosti lizotsima v syvorotke krovi s ispol'zovaniem v kachestve substrata khitinazura.

The method of estimation of lysozyme activity in serum when chitin azure is used as substrate is described. The basis of incubation medium is 0.1 M acetate buffer, pH 5.0. It was judged about activity of lysozyme by fluorescence of azure in incubation medium at the end of three hour incubation at 37 degrees C after separation on non-reacted chitin azure by short time centrifugation. It was shown that development of wound infection is accompanied by increasing of chitinase activity of lysozyme in serum.

[The connection between insulin-dependent biosynthesis of cell membrane signal ATP with amiloride-sensitive Na+/H+-metabolism in human erythrocytes]. / Sviaz' insulinstimuliruemogo biosinteza plazmomembrannogo signal'nogo ATF s amiloridchuvstvitel'nym Na+/H+-obmenom v éritrotsitakh cheloveka.

Plasma membrane signal ATP (psATP) was synthesized in response to the effect insulin (0.4 microgram/ml) in erythrocyte membranes, washed in 0.25 M sucrose and maintained in the mixture containing all the components required for aerobic phosphorylation. Biosynthesis of psATP was completely inhibited by amiloride at a concentration of 2 x 10(-3) M. Ouabain (0.5 x 10(-6) M) inhibited the triphosphate synthesis by 95%. Monensin (0.3 x 10(-6) M) activated ATP formation 2-fold approximately in erythrocyte membranes both stimulated by insulin and free of the hormone effect. Monensin, added into the incubation mixture simultaneously with ouabain, abolished its inhibitory effect on psATP synthesis. In absence of Na+ the psATP biosynthesis was not detected. Protonophore FCCP stimulated the biosynthesis at various concentrations from 10(-7) to 10(-3) M. These data indicated that biosynthesis of psATP is related to Na+/H+ metabolism in plasma membranes of human erythrocytes.

[Improvement of hearing acuity using ergomyogenic blood autoserum]. / Povyshenie ostroty slukha pri ispolzovanii érgomiogennoi autosyvorotki krovi.

Biological activity of ergomyogenic autoserum (EAS) is attributed to the presence of natural hormonal-neuropeptide complex. Its administration to 25 healthy volunteers and 20 patients with neurosensory hypoacusis stage I-II resulted in improvement of hearing acuity in all the subjects with normal hearing and in 75% of the patients. The autoserum usage instructions are provided.

[Synthesis of cell membrane "signal" ATP in human erythrocyte membranes stimulated by insulin as criteria of the efficacy of therapeutic plasmapheresis]. / Stimuliruemyi insulinom sintez plazmomembrannogo "signal'nogo" ATP v plazmaticheskikh membranakh éritrotsitov cheloveka ka kriterii éffektivnosti lechebnogo plazmafereza.

Insulin-stimulated synthesis of plasma membraneous "signal" ATP (psATP) from ADP and P(i) in oxidation coupled with that of NADH was detected in a preparation of plasma membranes from human erythrocytes; psATP was formed at concentrations of 10(-8)-10(-9) M. Effect of medicinal plasmapheresis on ability of erythrocyte membranes to produce psATP was studied. The rate of psATP biosynthesis was estimated in healthy volunteers and in patients with various diseases: nonspecific aortic arteritis, bronchial asthma, peritonitis, myasthenia before and after plasmapheresis. Distinct values of basal content of ATP (without insulin) and insulin-stimulated biosynthesis of ATP were detected in volunteers. Elevation of ATP biosynthesis, in response to insulin effect, was equal to 8.029 +/- 0.163 nmol/mg of membrane protein per min. Estimation of the psATP biosynthesis rate in patients with various pathological states enabled to detect markedly that psATP content tends to increase after plasmapheresis. Absolute values of psATP content were distinctly lower in these patients than those in healthy volunteers, while after plasmapheresis these parameters approached the normal level. Estimation of the insulin-stimulated synthesis of psATP may serve as a valid criterion of plasmapheresis efficiency.

[The stimulation of superoxide formation by human neutrophils under the action of blood serum from echinococcosis patients]. / Stimuliatsiia obrazovaniia superoksida neitrofilami cheloveka pod vozdeistviem syvorotki krovi bol'nykh ékhinokokkozom.

The effect of blood serum of patients with liver echinococcosis on the superoxide production by neutrophils of donors was studied. The patients observed were distributed to 2 groups: 1) those with uncomplicated disease and 2) those with festered cyst. Blood serum of patients with echinococcosis was proved to stimulate superoxide production by donor neutrophils by 107-483% in comparison with donor's serum. The serum from patients with festered cyst was shown to have no pronounced effect on superoxide production but a day after echinococcectomy the maximal stimulation was observed, which was 12.03 +/- 0.96 nM/superoxide per 10(6) cells (donor serum 2.49 nM per 10(6) cells). It might be caused by stress effect of the operation. In this group of patients the stimulating effect was gradually decreasing after the operation reaching the control level. In patients with uncomplicated echinococcosis, the stimulation of superoxide production was most profound in the preoperational period (6.70 +/- 0.65 nM per 10(6) cells), and after the operation the stimulating effect gradually disappeared. It is supposed that the phenomenon described is caused by specific antigens which are produced by the helminth.

[Changes in several characteristics of the erythrocyte membrane and erythrocyte structure in severe burns in animal experiments]. / Izmenenie nekotorykh svoistv éritrotsitnoi membrany i struktury éritrotsitov pri tiazhelykh ozhogakh v éksperimente.

It is determined in experiments on rats that the IIIB degree thermal injuries of 20% of the total body surface significantly reduce the erythrocytic membrane's resistance and cause the production of peroxides in 15 minutes after trauma. Simultaneously the electrical properties begin to change. The structure of erythrocytes is also altered. In 30 minutes post injury these alterations are in progress, but in 60 minutes they are less expressed. The structure of the erythrocytes is significantly altered. The authors consider that the influence of membranotoxic factors--the products of free radicals' reactions and phospholipases--is accounted for all noticed alterations.

[Use of therapeutic plasmapheresis in heart surgery patients with hepatic insufficiency]. / Primenenie lechebnogo plazmafereza u kardiokhirurgicheskikh bol'nykh s pechenochnoi nedostatochnost'iu.

Therapeutic plasmapheresis is a highly effective method in the preparation of patients with hepatic insufficiency for operation on the heart under conditions of extracorporeal circulation. It leads to reduction of the bilirubin level and normalization of the main values of hepatic function. The positive effect of therapeutic plasmapheresis is less manifest in acute hepatorenal insufficiency developing after operation with extracorporeal circulation. The best effect of therapeutic plasmapheresis in the postoperative period was produced in patients in whom hemorrhages and the low cardiac output syndrome were removed.

[Interleukin 2-stimulated formation of ATP in T cell particles enriched with plasma membranes]. / Stimuliruemoe interleikinom-2 obrazovanie ATF preparatami obogashchennykh plazmaticheskimi membranami chastits iz t-kletok.

Distinct increase in content of ATP was found in preparations of enriched with plasmatic membranes particles from rat thymus T lymphocytes and from human peripheric blood T lymphocytes after their incubation with interleukin-2 as compared with controls which did not contain the peptide. The phenomenon observed was manifested only if these particles from T cells were preincubated with concanavalin A (2 min, 40 micrograms/ml), which is required to expression of the receptors for interleukin-2. The membrane-bound ATP, formed after the interleukin-2 effect on receptors of T lymphocytes, appears to serve as the secondary messenger activating protein kinase C.

[Thrombocytic diseases in generalized myasthenia gravis and their correction by using plasmapheresis and administration of anti- immunoglobulin antisera]. / Trombotsitarnye narusheniia pri generalizovannoi miastenii i ikh korrektsiia s pomo'shchiu plazmafereza i vvedeniia anti- syvorotok k immunoglobulinam.

Platelet adhesion and aggregation studies were performed in different test systems in 25 patients with plasmapheresis-treated myasthenia patients. In vivo studies with plasmapheresis and in vitro investigation with anti-immunoglobulin antisera revealed the normalization of the impaired platelet functions.

[Stimulation of the respiratory burst of the neutrophils from healthy subjects by different Staphylococcus aureus concentrations]. / Stimuliatsiia respiratornogo vzryva neitrofilov zdorovykh liudei razlichnymi kontsentratsiiami Staphylococcus aureus.

Preopsonized live and heat-killed S. aureus stimulated, without the washing of serum, the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of human neutrophils obtained from healthy donors. The intensity of chemiluminescence was evaluated by the index of stimulation with staphylococci, with due consideration for their concentration. With the microbe/phagocyte ratio equal to 10:1, these indices had the maximum values when both live and killed staphylococci were used. At high concentrations of staphylococci, especially live ones, all indices were low (those for live staphylococci had negative values) and uniform. As the concentration of the antigen decreased, individual features in the reaction of each donor became apparent. With the microbe/phagocyte ratio equal to 100:1, stimulation with live and killed staphylococci induced the identical fluorescence of neutrophils. The capacity of nonopsonized staphylococci for inducing chemiluminescence was poorly pronounced. For this reason, the test system using S. aureus at low concentrations was proposed for the prognostication of this infection, while the ratio 100:1 can be used for the evaluation of the opsonin-phagocytic system in case of a developed purulent process.

[Intensification of human myocardial contractile activity as affected by blood serum]. / Usilenie sokratitel'noi aktivnosti miokarda cheloveka pod vliianiem syvorotki krovi.

The effect of human serum diluted in Tyrode solution (1:1) on the cardiac contractility has been studied. Fragments of the right auricle myocardium from patients with congenital and acquired heart disease have been used to study serum effect on the contraction force. Myocardial strips were repeatedly stimulated with electrical impulses at a frequency of 0.1 to 1.5 Hz. All the perfusion solutions were maintained at 31-33 degrees C and Ca++ ion concentration was 2 +/- 0.2 mM/l. The serum increased the contraction force in the isolated myocardial fibers from patients with congenital and acquired heart disease. Positive inotropic serum action on the myocardium of patients with acquired heart disease was accompanied by a marked diminution of mechanical oscillations. At the same time human serum does not affect the form of force-frequency curves in both types of the preparations. The results suggest that human serum increases calcium ion homeostasis in the cardiac cells of patients during contraction-relaxation cycle.

[Formation of signal ATP in plasma membranes of polymorphonuclear leukocytes activated by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine]. / Obrazovanie signal'nogo ATF plazmaticheskimi membranami polimorfno-iadernykh leikotsitov, aktivirovannykh formilmetioninilleitsilfenilalaninom.

Energy-consuming, ATP-dependent step of transmembrane transmission of the signal for chemotaxis was studied at the pathway between receptors of formylpeptide and membrane kinase of polymorphonuclears leukocytes. Some peptides, particularly formylmethionyl leucylphenylalanine (FMLP), were demonstrated to have a property of chemostimulation, i.e. they had an ability to stimulate phagocytosis in human and animal neutrophils due to presence of specific receptors on the cell surface. Isolation, identification and use of the membrane ATP, synthesized in presence of the chemotactic peptide FMLP, is described. The ATP was produced within 1 min on the surface of polymorphonuclear leukocytes during aerobic phosphorylation from ADP and inorganic phosphate, coupled with transmission of electrons and protons. The ATP-producing activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, stimulated by the formylpeptide, was distinctly decreased in the patients with various forms of purulent surgical infections--sepsis, pyo-resorptive fever. The ATP, synthesized in plasmatic membranes of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, appears to serve as a translator of the chemotactic, energy-consuming signal.