[Long lasting symptoms of dyspnea, cough and fatigue after COVID-19 - narrative review of epidemiological studies]. / Dlugo utrzymujace sie objawy dusznosci, kaszlu i zmeczenia po przebyciu COVID-19 ­ przeglad narracyjny badan epidemiologicznych.

"Long-COVID" is described as long-term effects of SARS­ CoV­2 infection that last >4 weeks after the acutephase of infection. The aim of this narrative reviews to evaluate the frequency of occurrence of 3 symptoms often observed in Long-COVID, i.e., chronic fatigue, shortness of breath and cough, and whether comorbidities such as diabetes and arterial hypertension increase the risk of complications after a history of SARS­ CoV­2 infection. The method of narrative review was used in this paper. PubMed (May 31, 2021) search was performed to retrieve articles concerning the occurrence of long COVID-19 chronic fatigue, dyspnoea and chronic cough. Studies in which the observation period was <30 days and the average age of subjects exceeded 60 years, as well as studies with no information on the methodology used, in particular without the method of recruiting people for the study, were excluded. Populations with a high frequency of diabetes were defined as the prevalence >10%, and in the case of arterial hypertension >40%. The average frequency of diabetes <10%, hypertension 40%. It can be concluded that in the period of >30 days after discharge from the hospital, in populations with a high incidence of diabetes and hypertension, the incidence of chronic fatigue and cough was higher than in the other analyzed groups. Symptoms of dyspnea were most frequently reported in populations with high rates of diabetes, but at the same time in the average percentage of people with arterial hypertension. Persistent symptoms specific to "Long-COVID" can significantly reduce the ability to perform work. In this situation, check-ups performed before returning to work after long-term leave tape on a new dimension. Med Pr. 2021;72(6):711-20.

The shape of cells adhering to sulfonated copolymer surfaces.

We studied the shape of L1210 leukaemia cells adhering in a protein-free medium to sulfonated (styrene/methyl methacrylate) copolymer surfaces of two sulfonic group densities, and thus of differing wettability. The use of our image analysis method and the mathematical procedure [Kowalczynska, H.M. et al, Colloids Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 30 (2003) 193-206.] allowed us to calculate the values of the so-called shape parameter, which quantitatively determines the three-dimensional cell shape. Here, we show that the values of the shape parameter of the adhering cells and the F-actin concentration, in the region near the cell-substratum interface, depend on the density of sulfonic groups present on the substratum surface.

Adsorption characteristics of human plasma fibronectin in relationship to cell adhesion.

Adsorption of human plasma fibronectin (FN) on nonsulfonated and sulfonated polymer surfaces was studied, by using a polyclonal antiserum to FN and the ELISA method. ELISA signal was recorded as a function of FN concentration in solutions. The concentration dependence of FN binding shows the saturation effect in the range 5-10 microg/mL. ELISA data are discussed in the terms of a self-assembled monolayer and different conformations of the FN molecule. The early adhesion of L1210 cells to polymer surfaces after prior adsorption of FN on these surfaces was studied under static conditions. In the case of FN adsorbed on sulfonated surfaces, the relative number of adhering cells increased with the increase of the interfacial surface tension (i.e., the cell adhesion depends on the surface density of sulfonic groups). However, in the case of FN adsorbed on nonsulfonated surfaces, the relative number of adhering cells was low and independent on the interfacial surface tension. The alpha(5)beta(1)-integrin blocking by a monoclonal antibody resulted in a strong inhibition of the cell adhesion to FN adsorbed on sulfonated polymer surfaces. This indicates that cell adhesion to FN adsorbed on these surfaces is mostly mediated by the alpha(5)beta(1)-integrin. In contrast, in the case of FN adsorbed on nonsulfonated surfaces the cell adhesion was not inhibited by the alpha(5)beta(1)-integrin blocking.