ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Several researchers have suggested that the rs243865 (16q13-q21) polymorphism in the promoter region of the metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) gene could be associated with an increased risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, previous results remain inconclusive. To clarify this controversy, we conducted a meta-analysis of the relationship between rs243865 of MMP-2 and AMD. METHODS: We included 6 independent case-control studies involving 1,682 AMD patients and 2,295 healthy subjects. The association between the rs243865 polymorphism and AMD was examined by the overall odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). We used a recessive genetic model analysis, sensitivity analysis, and assessment of bias in our meta-analysis. RESULTS: Our results showed that there was no significant association between the variant T allele (p-value = 0.10, OR [95%CI] = 0.95 [0.82-1.10]) or the CT+TT genotype (p-value = 0.16, OR [95%CI] = 0.92 [0.76-1.12]) of rs243865 MMP-2 polymorphism and the presence of AMD. CONCLUSIONS: The rs243865 MMP-2 polymorphism was not associated with an increased risk of developing AMD. The MMP-2 (-1306 C>T) promoter variant is unlikely to have a major role in AMD risk susceptibility.
Subject(s)
Macular Degeneration/genetics , Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Alleles , Case-Control Studies , Female , Genes, Recessive , Genotype , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Models, Genetic , Odds Ratio , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Risk Factors , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Wernicke encephalopathy is caused by thiamine deficiency in the central nervous system, and is defined by the triad of confusional symptoms, ocular alterations and ataxia. Some other factors may also predispose alcoholic patients to this deficiency. We report two patients with hyperglicaemia and ketoacidosis due to diabetes mellitus decompensation and chronic alcoholism who developed Wernicke encephalopathy before their hospital admission. The outcome was successful after intravenous thiamine administration and insulinotherapy. The presence of Wernicke encephalopathy in alcoholics with diabetic ketoacidosis, suggests that metabolic decompensation is essential in the onset of the disease.
Subject(s)
Alcoholism/complications , Diabetic Ketoacidosis/complications , Wernicke Encephalopathy/etiology , Aged , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Diabetic Ketoacidosis/drug therapy , Humans , Insulin/therapeutic use , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Thiamine/therapeutic use , Wernicke Encephalopathy/diagnosis , Wernicke Encephalopathy/drug therapyABSTRACT
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