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1.
Curr Opin Psychol ; 40: 167-170, 2021 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33461094

ABSTRACT

Religion is associated with a wide range of socially desirable behaviors and outcomes (particularly among adolescents), including lower rates of crime and delinquency, better school performance, and abstinence from risky sexual practices and substance use. What should we make of these associations? Are they causal? And if so, what are the intermediate psychological processes through which religion obtains its effects on such outcomes? With regard to this third question, we describe a decade's worth of research into a hypothesis that religion obtains its behavioral effects through its intermediate effects on self-control. In this review, we focus on evidence from experiments and longitudinal studies, which provide more rigorous tests of cause-and-effect relationships than simple cross-sectional correlational studies can. We find little convincing evidence for the idea that implicit and explicit activations of religious cognition in the laboratory exert a robust influence on self-control on the scale of minutes and hours. We do find evidence, however, that rituals (most notably, prayer), along with exposure to religious environments and institutions in the real world (e.g. religious schooling) influence self-control on the scale of weeks, months, and years - a conclusion that is also supported by rigorous longitudinal research.


Subject(s)
Laboratories , Self-Control , Adolescent , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Religion , Spirituality
2.
Neurocase ; 26(1): 7-17, 2020 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31762380

ABSTRACT

By studying an enigmatic condition called, "calendar synesthesia", we explored the elusive boundary between perception, visual imagery, and the manner in which we construct an internal mental calendar by mapping time-sequences onto spatial maps. We use a series of demonstrations to establish that these calendars act more like real objects activating sensory pathways rather than purely abstract symbolic descriptions that bear no resemblance to an actual calendar. We propose that the calendar is enshrined in acircuitry involving the hippocampal place-cells and entorhinal grid-cells, which are connected to the angular gyrus (involved with computing sequences) via the inferior longitudinal fasciculus.


Subject(s)
Illusions/physiology , Imagination/physiology , Mathematical Concepts , Space Perception/physiology , Synesthesia/physiopathology , Adult , Calendars as Topic , Female , Humans , Young Adult
3.
Neurocase ; 24(2): 105-110, 2018 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29764303

ABSTRACT

AL's leg was amputated resulting in phantom-limb pain (PLP). (1) When a volunteer placed her foot on or near the phantom - touching it evoked organized sensations in corresponding locations on AL's phantom. (2) Mirror-visual-feedback (MVF) relieved PLP, as did, "phantom massage". (3) Psilocybin-MVF pairing produced synergistic effects, complete elimination of PLP, and reduction in paroxysmal episodes. (4) Touching the volunteer's leg where AL previously had external fixators, evoked sensation of nails boring through the leg. Using a "telescoping" nail, we created the illusion of a nail being removed with corresponding pain relief. (5) Artificial flames produced warmth in the phantom.


Subject(s)
Feedback, Sensory , Hallucinogens/therapeutic use , Phantom Limb/therapy , Psilocybin/therapeutic use , Adult , Combined Modality Therapy , Humans , Lower Extremity/pathology , Male , Pain Management/methods , Touch Perception/drug effects , Treatment Outcome
4.
Iperception ; 8(3): 2041669517711718, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28607666

ABSTRACT

Synesthetes, who see printed black letters and numbers as being colored, are thought to have enhanced cross-activation between brain modules for color and form. Since the McCollough effect also results from oriented contours (i.e., form) evoking specific colors, we conjectured that synesthetes may experience an enhanced McCollough effect, and find that this is indeed true.

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