ABSTRACT
Health preconditioning programmes have recently gained increased attention in South Africa. Uncertainty remains about whether South African feedlot operators and cow-calf producers perceive health preconditioning as an economic value-added management practice. Results indicated that most feedlot operators were willing to pay average price premiums of R0.58/kg, R0.83/kg and R1.02/kg for a basic, intermediate and comprehensive health preconditioning programme, respectively. Cow-calf producers were willing to accept average price premiums of R0.49/kg, R0.72/kg and R0.83/kg for the programmes. The findings provide information that could contribute to potential market development for health-preconditioned weaners in developing countries and could significantly aid in improving efficiency and herd health within beef industries worldwide.
Subject(s)
Animal Husbandry , Cattle Diseases , Female , Animals , Cattle , South Africa , Animal Husbandry/methods , UncertaintyABSTRACT
Heartwater is a dangerous tick-borne disease for livestock farmers in South Africa and results in annual economic losses for the livestock industry. This study determined the total economic impact of heartwater in South Africa by calculating this disease's direct and indirect costs. Survey data from 272 livestock farmers from six provinces of South Africa was used for this study. Available heartwater research in South Africa only focused on the prevention and control of and vaccination against heartwater, with no research having undertaken an in-depth study of the total economic impact of this disease. The highest cost due to heartwater at provincial level was calculated for the Eastern Cape Province, followed by the North West and Mpumalanga Provinces. Heartwater has an enormous impact on the cattle industry, with an approximate R1 059 million losses experienced each year. The sheep industry experiences a total cost loss of approximately R168 million per year, with the goat industry experiencing about R39 million per year. The total economic impact of heartwater on the South African livestock industry is estimated at R1 266 million per annum. The direct cost contributed 66.47%, and indirect costs contributed 33.57% to the total cost of heartwater. The annual cost of heartwater vaccines contributed the least to the total cost of heartwater, with only 10% of the participants administering the heartwater vaccine. A total of 84.29% of the respondents indicated a need for a new and improved heartwater vaccine. This study emphasises the importance of heartwater in South Africa and farmers' high costs because of this disease. If an improved heartwater vaccine can be developed, the direct cost of heartwater will reduce, which is the bulk of its economic impact. This research can serve as a basis for future research on heartwater, where cost-benefit analyses could be conducted on heartwater's different prevention and control methods.
Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases , Goat Diseases , Heartwater Disease , Vaccines , Animals , Cattle , Heartwater Disease/prevention & control , Humans , Livestock , Sheep , South Africa/epidemiologyABSTRACT
An aid service based on the use of helicopters for Northern Lombardy and its adjacent areas is proposed. This would be based on the Varese Hospital and on existing heliports and airports in the area, this being one of Europe's most heavily populated and industrialised regions. The question of airborne aid is discussed, together with the solutions adopted in Italy, and those proposed and partly put into effect in Italy. An examination is also made of the factors in favour of the placement proposed; geographical features, road infrastructures, distances, prevailing weather conditions, and other points. The proposal is seen as a working hypothesis available for the authorities responsible under the current legislation, and as a model for similar investigations in other areas.
