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1.
J Commun Disord ; 83: 105970, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32062158

ABSTRACT

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease causing motor symptoms along with cognitive and affective problems. Recent evidence suggests that HD also affects language across core levels of linguistic organization, including at stages of the disease when standardized neuropsychological test profiles are still normal and motor symptoms do not yet reach clinical thresholds ('pre-manifest HD'). The present study aimed to subject spontaneous speech to a more fine-grained linguistic analysis in a sample of 20 identified HD gene-carriers, 10 with pre-manifest and 10 with early manifest HD. We further explored how language performance related to non-linguistic cognitive impairment, using standardized neuropsychological measures. A distinctive pattern of linguistic impairments marked off participants with both pre-manifest and manifest HD from healthy controls and each other. Fluency patterns in premanifest HD were marked by prolongations, filled pauses, and repetitions, which shifted to a pattern marked by empty (unfilled) pauses, re-phrasings, and truncations in manifest HD. Both HD groups also significantly differed from controls and each other in how they grammatically connected clauses and used noun phrases referentially. Functional deficits in language occurred in pre-manifest HD in the absence of any non-linguistic neuropsychological impairment and did largely not correlate with standardized neuropsychological measures in manifest HD. These results further corroborate that language can act as a fine-grained clinical marker in HD, which can track disease progression from the pre-manifest stage, define critical remediation targets, and inform the role of the basal ganglia in language processing.


Subject(s)
Huntington Disease/complications , Huntington Disease/physiopathology , Language Disorders , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data , Speech/physiology , Adult , Basal Ganglia , Female , Humans , Huntington Disease/genetics , Interviews as Topic , Male , Middle Aged
2.
Inf. psiquiátr ; (236): 69-87, abr.-jun. 2019. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-188434

ABSTRACT

El presente artículo pretende plasmar la complejidad de la atención a las personas afectas de trastorno neurocognitivo inducido por consumo de alcohol. Las personas con trastorno por uso de alcohol prolongado pueden sufrir un abanico de dificultades a nivel físico, neuropsicológico, emocional y funcional. Son varios los factores de riesgo que inciden en el desarrollo de un trastorno por consumo de alcohol, entre los que están la predisposición genética, factores relacionados con la exposición a la sustancia y otros factores relacionados con la historia personal del individuo. El concepto de trastorno neurocognitivo inducido por consumo de alcohol es un término amplio usado para cubrir un espectro de condiciones (como la demencia alcohólica, el síndrome de Korsakoff, la encefalopatía de Wernicke o el síndrome amnésico persistente inducido por alcohol). Diversos factores de riesgo, como aspectos genéticos, edad, nivel educativo, historia y patrón de consumo, género, psicopatología concomitante, antecedentes de traumatismo craneoencefálico o presencia de otra patología médica modulan la aparición y gravedad de deterioro cognitivo asociado al consumo de alcohol. Dado que la presencia de alteraciones neuropsicológicas tiene importantes implicaciones en el tratamiento y pronóstico de estos pacientes, una adecuada exploración cognitiva es imprescindible para que el deterioro no pase desapercibido. Su abordaje requiere de intervenciones multidisciplinares y de recursos sanitarios y sociales específicos, tanto para las fases más agudas como para la atención a su cronicidad


The aim of this paper is to show the complexity of people affected by neurocognitive disorders related with alcohol consumption. Long-term use of alcohol may produce a wide range of difficulties at physical, neuropsychological, emotional and functional levels. Genetic predisposition, substance's exposure and personal history are risk factors related with the development of an alcohol use disorder. Neurocognitive disorder related with alcohol intake is a broad concept covering a spectrum of conditions (as alcohol dementia, Korsakoff syndrome, Wernicke's encephalopathy or persistent amnestic syndrome induced by alcohol). Some factors modulate the onset and intensity of the impairment, as genetics, age, education, history and pattern of intake, gender, concomitant psychopathology, traumatic brain injury or presence of medical pathology. It is crucial to explore neuropsychological damage, given that its presence is related with treatment's success. Comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach is needed, and developing specialized health and social resources will be of interest to attend chronicity


Subject(s)
Humans , Neurocognitive Disorders/chemically induced , Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects , Risk Factors , Neurocognitive Disorders/complications , Neurocognitive Disorders/psychology , Life Cycle Stages/physiology
3.
Inf. psiquiátr ; (234): 47-64, oct.-dic. 2018.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-182417

ABSTRACT

Los cuidadores informales de las personas afectas de demencia, trastorno mental grave o daño cerebral adquirido presentan un elevado nivel de sobrecarga, alto estrés percibido y mayor sintomatología ansiosodepresiva en comparación con la población general. Así mismo, esta situación puede tener efectos sobre los pacientes a los que cuidan. En los últimos años ha aumentado el interés en la atención de estos cuidadores, y su implicación en el programa de rehabilitación de los pacientes se ha puesto de manifiesto en las guías de práctica clínica de estos trastornos. Por otro lado, las intervenciones basadas en Mindfulness están en el foco de atención de muchas instituciones, ya que la evidencia muestra beneficios en la esfera emocional, cognitiva y conductual de diferentes patologías. En el siguiente artículo se revisa el estado de la cuestión en relación a las intervenciones con familiares en general, las intervenciones basadas en Mindfulness aplicadas a cuidadores en particular y los posibles mecanismos de cambio que podrían avalar la pertinencia de su aplicación en esta población. Se revisan para finalizar algunas de las ventajas de estas intervenciones, así como posibles barreras que deben tenerse en cuenta a la hora de su implementación


Informal caregivers of people suffering dementia, major mental disorder or acquired brain injury often present a high level of burden, perceive high stress and suffer from anxiety and depression if compared with general population. Also, this situation may affect the patient they are caring at. The interest on caregivers grew last years, so clinical guidance point to include specific interventions to attend them. On the other hand, many institutions have shown interest on Mindfulness-based interventions, since evidence appear to be beneficial on emotional, cognitive and behavioral spheres in different diseases. The present paper reviews the state of the art related to interventions on caregivers in general, Mindfulness-based interventions applied on caregivers in particular and the potential mechanisms of change that could endorse the application of this orientation for this population. Some opportunities and barriers of implementation are reviewed in the last part of this document


Subject(s)
Humans , Caregivers/psychology , Burnout, Psychological/psychology , Mindfulness/methods , Mental Disorders/psychology , Dementia/psychology , Brain Diseases/psychology
4.
Inf. psiquiátr ; (228): 63-70, abr.-jun. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-164422

ABSTRACT

El deterioro cognitivo en personas con trastorno por uso de alcohol puede pasar desapercibido si no se utilizan medidas objetivas para evaluarlo. Se realizó un estudio Delphi modificado para conocer la opinión de un panel de 40 expertos sobre la adecuación del Montreal Cognitive Assessment. La mayoría de los profesionales consultados utilizan el Minimental State Examination y el Test del Reloj, instrumentos que se han mostrado poco sensibles al deterioro cognitivo en esta población. La mayoría de los consultados consideran el MoCA adecuado y suficientemente exhaustivo, siempre y cuando no sustituya a una exploración neuropsicológica completa posterior


Cognitive impairment might go undetected in people with alcohol use disorder if not measured with objective instruments. We conducted a modified Delphi study to gather the opinions of a panel of 40 experts from various disciplines about the suitability of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The screening instrument most widely used by respondents was the MiniMental State Examination (MMSE), despite the fact that it shows low sensitivity in this population. Most of the respondents considered the MoCA to be suitable and sufficiently exhaustive, provided it does not replace a subsequent and full neuropsychological examination


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Alcohol-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Alcoholism/complications , Psychological Tests , Cross-Sectional Studies
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