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1.
Bull Exp Biol Med ; 161(1): 197-208, 2016 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27279101

ABSTRACT

Comparative immunohistochemical analysis of the neocortex from human fetuses showed that neural stem and progenitor cells are present in the brain throughout the gestation period, at least from week 8 through 26. At the same time, neural stem cells from the first and second trimester fetuses differed by the distribution, morphology, growth, and quantity. Immunocytochemical analysis of neural stem cells derived from fetuses at different gestation terms and cultured under different conditions showed their differentiation capacity. Detailed analysis of neural stem cell populations derived from fetuses on gestation weeks 8-9, 18-20, and 26 expressing Lex/SSEA1 was performed.


Subject(s)
Neocortex/cytology , Neural Stem Cells/physiology , Cell Differentiation , Cells, Cultured , Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism , Humans , Nestin/metabolism , Spheroids, Cellular/cytology
2.
Bull Exp Biol Med ; 158(4): 566-72, 2015 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25705043

ABSTRACT

Intrasplenic allogeneic transplantation of multipotent stromal cells from the umbilical cord stimulates hepatocyte proliferation and promotes recovery of liver weight in rats after subtotal resection (80% organ weight). It can be hypothesized that this effect of multipotent stromal cells is due to more rapid recovery of the number of mitochondria and normalization of mitochondrial function of liver hepatocytes.


Subject(s)
Liver Regeneration/physiology , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/physiology , Mitochondria/physiology , Umbilical Cord/cytology , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Hepatocytes/physiology , Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation/methods , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet , Transplantation, Homologous
3.
Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk ; (7-8): 17-24, 2014.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25563000

ABSTRACT

This article is devoted to interstitial Cajal cells (syn. telocytes, interstitial pacemaker cells, IPC). First those cells were discovered by C.R Cajal in the muscle coat of the gut in 1893. Nowadays they have revealed in all parts of digestive systems (from esophagus to rectum), urinary and biliary tracts, prostate, liver, the walls of arteries and lymphatics, as well Fallopian tube, myometrium, mammary glands. Characteristic ultrastructural features are elongated spindle shape, length from 40 to 100 µm, the thickness of 0.2-0.5 µm, the presence of 2-5 processes. Length of them rangingfrom tens to hundreds of micrometers, some of them have secondary and tertiary branching, forming a three-dimensional network. IPC having spontaneous electrical (pacemaker) activity are cause to contraction of smooth muscle cells. Depending on the location of IPC have different morphological and ultrastructural characteristics. Characteristic immunohistochemical markers are CD117, CD34, S100, vimentin. IPC replay to acetylcholine, norepinephrine, estrogen, progesterone, and nitric oxide by influence ofcorresponding receptors. IPC have specific gap junctions with lymphocytes, basophiles, eosinophils, neutrophils, mast cells and dendritic cells. Grave pathology of those cells are forming gastrointestinal stromal tumors.


Subject(s)
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/pathology , Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/pathology , Interstitial Cells of Cajal , Biomarkers/metabolism , Electrophysiological Phenomena , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Interstitial Cells of Cajal/classification , Interstitial Cells of Cajal/pathology , Interstitial Cells of Cajal/physiology , Interstitial Cells of Cajal/ultrastructure , Prognosis , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/metabolism , S100 Proteins/metabolism , Vimentin/metabolism
4.
Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova ; 97(2): 155-68, 2011 Feb.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21598676

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study was to compare the effects of neurotransplantation of cultural neural stem cells (NSC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on the rat behaviour and brain state after acute hypoxia. It was shown that development of two-way avoidance defensive conditioning in a shuttle box improved in rats-recipients with NSC, but not MSC as compared to control. Both the transplants of NSC and transplants of MSC exert neuroprotective influence on the rat brain. NSC both in vitro (before transplantation) and in vivo (on day 27 after transplantation) gave rise to all neural cell types: stem/progenitor cells, precursors of neurons and glia, neurons and glial cells. MSC population in vitro and in vivo (on day 10 after transplantation) consisted of fibroblast-like cells which were eliminated by day 20 after transplantation and were surrounded by reactive glia. We suggest that effects of NSC may be connected with their good survival and potential to differentiate into neurons and with trophic influence on the brain of recipient, whereas MSC only have possible positive trophic effect at early stages after transplantation.


Subject(s)
Avoidance Learning , Brain Ischemia/therapy , Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Neural Stem Cells/transplantation , Animals , Brain Ischemia/pathology , Cell Differentiation , Female , Humans , Neural Stem Cells/pathology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors , Transplantation, Heterologous
5.
Bull Exp Biol Med ; 148(1): 113-9, 2009 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19902111

ABSTRACT

Multipotent characteristics of human fetal (9-11.5 weeks) pigmented epithelial retinal cells and capacity to transdifferentiation in neuronal direction were studied in vitro under different culturing conditions. The cultures were analyzed using a wide spectrum of antibodies. It was found that pigmented epithelium of human eye is a heterogeneous cell population with three subtypes differing by adhesion characteristics, migration, transdifferentiation potential, and reaction to microenvironmental factors. Subtype 1 cells steadily retain their epithelial characteristics, subtype 2 cells change their morphotype and produce neuroblast and photoreceptor cell proteins, and subtype 3 cells form free floating spheres and are capable to multipotent differentiation.


Subject(s)
Retinal Pigment Epithelium/cytology , Cell Adhesion , Cell Differentiation , Cell Movement , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Phenotype
6.
Bull Exp Biol Med ; 147(1): 113-9, 2009 Jan.
Article in English, Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19526146

ABSTRACT

Chronic experiments on outbred albino rats were performed to compare the dynamics of histological signs for postischemic renal injury (90-min thermal ischemia) after intraparenchymal injection of cultured fetal MSC from human bone marrow. Functional indexes of the ischemic kidney were predetermined. In the early period after ischemia (day 4), administration of human bone marrow MSC was followed by the increase in blood flow in the microcirculatory bed and decrease in the degree of alteration in renal tubules. An increase in the area of zones with histological signs for normal function of tubules was accompanied by the improvement of biochemical indexes for renal function. In the delayed period, a protective effect of cell therapy was manifested in the prevention of death of renal tubules. Mild calcification of the necrotic tubular epithelium served as a marker of this process. Human bone marrow MSC were labeled with the fluorescent probe Calcein. These cells migrated from the site of injection, spread in the interstitium, and retained viability for 7 days. During this period, some cells were incorporated into the lumen of renal tubules.


Subject(s)
Acute Kidney Injury/therapy , Bone Marrow Cells/cytology , Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology , Kidney/pathology , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Rats
7.
Bull Exp Biol Med ; 147(1): 132-46, 2009 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19526149

ABSTRACT

We studied the effect of transplantation of human stem cells from various tissues on reparative processes in the brain of rats with closed craniocerebral injury. Combined treatment with standard drugs and systemic administration of xenogeneic stem cells had a neuroprotective effect. The morphology of neurons rapidly returned to normal after administration of fetal neural stem cells. Fetal mesenchymal stem cells produced a prolonged effect on proliferative activity of progenitor cells in the subventricular zone of neurogenesis. Adult mesenchymal stem cells had a strong effect on recovery of the vascular bed in ischemic regions.


Subject(s)
Brain Injuries/therapy , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology , Neurons/cytology , Animals , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar
8.
Bull Exp Biol Med ; 148(4): 697-704, 2009 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20396773

ABSTRACT

Neurotransplantation of various cells, including heterotransplantation of fetal cerebral stem/progenitor cells into the eye is used in experimental studies of central nervous tissue repair during neurodegeneration. For evaluation of this approach, human fetal (weeks 9-20) stem/progenitor cells of the neocortex and retina were studied in vivo and in vitro by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical staining. Native tissues and cultures were characterized by expression of Pax6 transcription factor (critical for the development of the retina and neocortex) and differentiation markers (nestin, betaIII-tubulin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, recoverin, NeuN, neurofilaments, Ki-67). The expression of Pax6 gene in the retina during active neurogenesis was stable and much higher than in the neocortex. In primary cultures, the pattern of Pax6 gene expression is retained and repeats that in native tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed similarity of nestin and betaIII-tubulin expression in the neocortex and retina during the early (9-10 weeks) and later (20 weeks) periods and differences in cell phenotypes and their distribution. Culture studies showed that neocortical and retinal stem/progenitor cells are determined and exhibit specific differentiation characteristic of the corresponding native tissues. It can be hypothesized that heterotransplantation of the cerebral progenitor cells into the retina of experimental animals can lead to realization of their neurotrophic effect, but not to their functional integration.


Subject(s)
Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism , Cell Differentiation/physiology , Eye Proteins/metabolism , Fetus , Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism , Immunophenotyping , Neocortex/physiology , Paired Box Transcription Factors/metabolism , Repressor Proteins/metabolism , Retina/physiology , Eye Proteins/genetics , Female , Fetus/anatomy & histology , Fetus/physiology , Gestational Age , Homeodomain Proteins/genetics , Humans , Neocortex/cytology , Neurons/cytology , Neurons/metabolism , Neurons/transplantation , PAX6 Transcription Factor , Paired Box Transcription Factors/genetics , Pregnancy , Repressor Proteins/genetics , Retina/cytology
9.
Bull Exp Biol Med ; 143(1): 160-5, 2007 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18019036

ABSTRACT

The therapeutic effect of intravenous injection of human fetal bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells or summary culture of kidney cells were studied on models of chronic or acute renal failure in outbred albino rats. Both cell types promoted improvement and normalization of the renal function in rats with stable chronic renal insufficiency (2 weeks after kidney cell injection, 1 month after bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell injection). Renal function remained normal or subnormal during the delayed period (3-3.5 months after injection). In rats with latent stage of chronic renal insufficiency, exacerbation was induced by additional 40-min ischemia. All rats receiving intravenous injection of saline died. Improvement of the functional parameters started 2 weeks after injection of kidney cells or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and normalization was observed after 1.1-5 months. During the delayed period (after 3-4 months), functional parameters retained at normal or subnormal levels. In experimental series III, all rats with acute renal failure intravenously injected with saline (control) died from uremia on days 2-4. After injection of kidney cells 50% rats survived and renal function in these animals returned to normal after 2 weeks. After injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 83% rats survived, functional parameters returned to normal after 3 weeks.


Subject(s)
Acute Kidney Injury/therapy , Cell Transplantation , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Acute Kidney Injury/mortality , Acute Kidney Injury/physiopathology , Animals , Bone Marrow Transplantation , Fetus/cytology , Humans , Kidney/cytology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/mortality , Kidney Failure, Chronic/physiopathology , Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation , Rats
10.
Urologiia ; (3): 3-7, 2007.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17724826

ABSTRACT

The experiments on 29 white non-inbred rats with chronic renal failure (CRF) induced by right-side nephrectomy and coagulation of 1/2-2/3 of parenchyma of the left kidney were made to study the trend in renal function after injection (into renal cortex or intravenously) of cultured stem or progenitor cells from human fetuses (total culture of fetal kidney or mesenchymal stem cells of the bone marrow). In control tests with salt solution functional indices reflected persistence of CRF. On day 4 after introduction of the fetal cells into renal parenchyma renal function improved and normalized in 2 weeks. After intravenous injection of fetal cells CRF reduced slowly, especially after injection of medullary mesenchymal cells with normalization in 1 month. 2.5-3.5 months after the injection test parameters in some rats deteriorated but remained close to normal values. Glomerular filtration after injection of stem and progenitor cells recovered better while canalicular sodium reabsorption underwent normalization but was followed by deterioration.


Subject(s)
Fetal Stem Cells/transplantation , Kidney/cytology , Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Animals , Blood Urea Nitrogen , Creatinine/blood , Disease Models, Animal , Fetal Stem Cells/cytology , Humans , Kidney/embryology , Kidney Function Tests , Rats , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism , Sodium/metabolism
11.
Bull Exp Biol Med ; 141(4): 500-6, 2006 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17152381

ABSTRACT

Chronic renal insufficiency was modeled in rats by unilateral nephrectomy and electrocoagulation of both poles of the remaining kidney; acute renal failure was induced by 90-min clamping of the vascular pedicle of the only kidney. Injection of unfractionated culture of human fetal kidney cells or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into damaged kidney restored its function in rats with chronic renal insufficiency (observation period up to 2 months). After 2.5 months a relapse of chronic renal insufficiency was observed in 1 of 3 rats receiving human fetal kidney cells and in 1 of 2 animals receiving bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell culture. Injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell culture to rats with acute renal failure improved recovery of renal function and prevented the death from uremia, while injection of total culture of human fetal kidney cells had virtually no effect on the course of acute renal failure.


Subject(s)
Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Stem Cell Transplantation/methods , Stem Cells/cytology , Acute Disease , Animals , Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism , Humans , Ischemia/pathology , Kidney/metabolism , Mesoderm/metabolism , Rats , Stem Cells/metabolism , Time Factors
12.
Bull Exp Biol Med ; 141(1): 129-32, 2006 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16929984

ABSTRACT

We studied the effect of cultured human fetal (8-12 weeks gestation) neural stem and progenitor cells on regeneration of rabbit cornea after alkaline burn. A single subconjunctival injection of cell culture suspension after burn injury significantly accelerated regeneration of the anterior and posterior epithelium in comparison with the control group.


Subject(s)
Cornea/physiology , Corneal Diseases/therapy , Eye Burns/therapy , Neurons/transplantation , Regeneration , Stem Cell Transplantation , Alkalies/toxicity , Animals , Cornea/pathology , Corneal Diseases/pathology , Eye Burns/chemically induced , Eye Burns/pathology , Fetal Tissue Transplantation , Humans , Neurons/cytology , Rabbits
13.
Bull Exp Biol Med ; 141(1): 142-6, 2006 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16929986

ABSTRACT

We studied mitochondrial transmembrane potential of neural precursor cells forming neurospheres in culture. Uneven energization of mitochondria in neurosphere cells was detected. Heterogeneity of cells by the mitochondrial potential increased with neurosphere enlargement during culturing. Decrease in the mitochondrial potential in the central cells in large spheres, presumably caused by insufficient diffusion of oxygen and nutrients, can provoke their damage and death. Population of cells with high mitochondrial potential responded to addition of the nuclear dye by a decrease in mitochondrial potential, which can indicate functioning of ABCG2 complex in these cells, characteristic of undifferentiated stem cells. These data will help to create optimum conditions for culturing of neural stem cells for the maintenance of their maximum functional and proliferative activity.


Subject(s)
Mitochondria/physiology , Mitochondrial Membranes/physiology , Neurons/physiology , Stem Cells/physiology , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2 , ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/analysis , Benzimidazoles/pharmacology , Carbocyanines/pharmacology , Cell Culture Techniques , Humans , Membrane Potentials/drug effects , Mitochondria/drug effects , Mitochondrial Membranes/drug effects , Neoplasm Proteins/analysis , Neurons/chemistry , Neurons/ultrastructure , Organometallic Compounds/pharmacology , Stem Cells/ultrastructure
14.
Bull Exp Biol Med ; 141(1): 152-60, 2006 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16929988

ABSTRACT

Comparative analysis of differentiation of human neural and mesenchymal stem cells in tissue culture and after transplantation into the brain was carried out using the same antibody set. Neural stem cells differentiated into all types of neural cells, are retained after transplantation, migrate, and form reciprocal relationships with the recipient brain. Mesenchymal stem cells were incapable of neural development under conditions of common culturing or after transplantation and retained the fibroblast-like status. Recipient filaments grew into mesenchymal stem cell transplants containing no neural cells due to local changes in the extracellular matrix at the site of transplantation.


Subject(s)
Cell Differentiation , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology , Neurons/cytology , Stem Cells/cytology , Animals , Cell Movement , Cells, Cultured , Green Fluorescent Proteins/analysis , Humans , Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/chemistry , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/physiology , Neurons/chemistry , Neurons/transplantation , Rabbits , Stem Cell Transplantation , Stem Cells/chemistry , Stem Cells/physiology , Vimentin/analysis
15.
Bull Exp Biol Med ; 140(1): 113-7, 2005 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16254635

ABSTRACT

Dissociated fetal brain cells in a floating culture form clusters and then neurospheres, some of which contain structures shaped as cell "rosettes". The cells in these "rosettes" are arranged radially around the central cavity, in which their apical processes form desmosome-like contacts. Mitotic division of cells in the "rosettes" is associated with migration of the nuclei, similarly to division of neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube during normal embryogenesis. These cells express nestin, a marker of neural stem cells. The cells in "rosettes" found after transplantation have similar characteristics.


Subject(s)
Brain/cytology , Intermediate Filament Proteins/metabolism , Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism , Neuroepithelial Cells/cytology , Stem Cells/cytology , Cell Proliferation , Culture Techniques , Humans , Mitosis/physiology , Nestin , Neuroepithelial Cells/ultrastructure , Stem Cells/ultrastructure
16.
Bull Exp Biol Med ; 139(1): 114-20, 2005 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16142292

ABSTRACT

We studied the effect of culturing conditions on the fate of human neural stem cells after transplantation into rat brain. Human neural stem cells cultured in the presence of mitogens without LIF migrated along the ependyma and cerebral vessels of recipients, but to a great extent degenerated by the 20th day after transplantation. Neural stem cells cultured with LIF migrated, apart from the above mentioned pathways, in the cortex and hippocampus, well survived; proliferating cells were retained 30 days after transplantation.


Subject(s)
Brain/cytology , Stem Cell Transplantation , Stem Cells/physiology , Animals , Cell Culture Techniques , Cell Differentiation , Cell Proliferation , Embryo, Mammalian/cytology , Humans , Interleukin-6/pharmacology , Leukemia Inhibitory Factor , Mitogens/pharmacology , Rats , Stem Cells/cytology , Stem Cells/drug effects
17.
Bull Exp Biol Med ; 139(2): 213-6, 2005 Feb.
Article in English, Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16027810

ABSTRACT

The fate of human fetal stem/progenitor cells transplanted into rat brain depends on conditions of preculturing (long or short) and state and site of transplantation. Human nestin-positive stem cells cultured according to the short protocol did not migrate into hypoxic and normal brain after transplantation, but actively migrated in damaged spinal cord. After transplantation of long-cultured cells into the brain mainly committed neuroblasts and solitary nestin-positive cells migrated from the site of transplantation into the brain.


Subject(s)
Brain/cytology , Cell Culture Techniques , Neurons/transplantation , Stem Cell Transplantation , Stem Cells/physiology , Animals , Cell Movement , Embryo, Mammalian/cytology , Embryo, Mammalian/innervation , Fetus , Humans , Intermediate Filament Proteins/analysis , Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis , Nestin , Neurons/cytology , Neurons/physiology , Rats , Stem Cells/chemistry , Transplantation, Heterologous
18.
Bull Exp Biol Med ; 137(3): 262-5, 2004 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15232635

ABSTRACT

Neural stem cells of human brain were cultured for a long time and successfully transplanted into the brain of rats exposed to acute hypoxia. Stem and committed cells, neuroblasts, and astrocytes were revealed in transplants by immunohistochemical assay. The transplants and brain tissue were not separated with a glial barrier. Human neuroblasts widely migrated into regions of neuronal degeneration in the host brain.


Subject(s)
Brain Tissue Transplantation , Hypoxia, Brain/surgery , Stem Cell Transplantation , Animals , Cell Movement , Cell Survival , Cells, Cultured , Female , Hippocampus/pathology , Humans , Hypoxia, Brain/pathology , Neocortex/pathology , Nerve Degeneration , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors , Transplantation, Heterologous
19.
Vestn Oftalmol ; 120(6): 21-4, 2004.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15678665

ABSTRACT

A stable and easily reproducible model of experimental retinopathy was constructed in rabbits. The influence of transplanted neural stem cells (NSC) on the functional activity of the retina was studied. Retinopathy was provoked by 0.04 mg of kainic acid introduced intravitreously. The cultivated NSCs were transplanted into the vitreous bodies of the right (experimental) eyes, physiological solution was administered into the left (control) eyes. Clinical examinations of the eyeball in the experimental group showed less pronounced proliferative changes and a lack of gliosis, whereas, in the control group, the retina looked like tissue with fibrous changes and glial bars. An evaluation of the functional activity of the retina denoted a reliably better function of rod bipolars and Muller glias in the eyes with transplanted NSCs during the whole follow-up.


Subject(s)
Brain Tissue Transplantation , Neurons/transplantation , Retinal Diseases/surgery , Stem Cell Transplantation/methods , Animals , Cells, Cultured , Disease Models, Animal , Electroretinography , Humans , Rabbits , Retina/pathology , Retina/physiopathology , Retinal Diseases/pathology , Retinal Diseases/physiopathology , Transplantation, Heterologous , Treatment Outcome
20.
Bull Exp Biol Med ; 132(3): 856-60, 2001 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11740577

ABSTRACT

Cell clusters in a culture of dissociated brain from human fetuses at 8-12 weeks gestation in a serum-free growth medium were studied by immunohistochemical methods and electron microscopy. Heterogeneity of cell population in culture was demonstrated. Despite the influence of proliferation-stimulating factors, cell clusters contained not only nestin-immunopositive stem cells, but also beta-tubulin-, vimentin-, and GFAP-positive cells differentiating by the neural pathway. Stem cells were localized on the surface of clusters. The percentage of stem cells in large clusters was lower than in small clusters.


Subject(s)
Brain/cytology , Brain/embryology , Nerve Tissue Proteins , Brain/ultrastructure , Cell Differentiation , Cell Division , Cells, Cultured , Culture Media, Serum-Free/pharmacology , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Intermediate Filament Proteins/biosynthesis , Microscopy, Electron , Nestin , Neurons/metabolism , Stem Cells/metabolism , Time Factors , Tubulin/biosynthesis , Vimentin/biosynthesis
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