[Relationship between polyreactive properties of immunoglobulins and level of lipids in them]. / Vzaimosviaz' mezhdu poliraktivnymi svoistavmi immunoglobulinov i soderzhaniem v nikh lipidov.

Presented paper deals with the relationship between immunoglobulin polyreactive properties and its lipid composition. Serum blood immunoglobulin fraction of an intact rabbit as an experimental model was used. Immunoglobulins (Ig) obtained by this way were transformed into polyreactive immunoglobulins (PRIg) by treatment with chaotropic agent KSCN or reactive oxygen species (ROS) with usage of Fe2+, EDTA and ascorbic acid. It was demonstrated that native Ig were able to bind with immobilized antigen (ovalbumin) and this ability dramatically increased after transformation of Ig into PRIg. The high immunoreactivity of PRIg was associated with marked fall (by 2-3 fold) of total phospholipids as well as individual ones--sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine. The main fatty acids of the Ig and PRIg phospholipid fractions in the sequence to decreasing decrease were stearic, palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids. The treatment of Ig by chaotropic agent and ROS led to decrease of stearic acid and enhancement of oleic, linoleic and arachidonic acids. The level of free cholesterol of Ig did not differ from that of PRIg. At the same time the content of cholesterol esters of PRIg was substantially diminished if compare with Ig. The main fatty acids of the Ig and PRIg cholesterol ester fraction in the sequence to decreasing were arachidonic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and palmitoleic acids. Transformation of Ig into PRIg was accompanied by enhancement of stearic acid level and loss of docosapentaenoic, arachidonic and palmitoleic acids. The results presented here support the idea about non peroxidative manner of the phospholipid and cholesterol ester extrusion from Ig molecule under its transformation into PRIg. Rather the last process could be explained by the term of concurrent physico-chemical interaction of Ig molecule with chaotropic agent or ROS leading to fall of lipid content. The presented data for the first time provide us an opportunity to conclude that transformation of Ig into PRIG is associated with the marked loss of essential phospholipids and cholesterol esters by the Ig molecule. The probable implication of this process in development of immune imbalance under certain diseases associated with oxidative stress have been discussed.

Phospholipid composition of human sperm and seminal plasma in relation to sperm fertility.

The phospholipid and fatty acid composition of sperm was studied in 8 healthy and 16 infertile men. Infertile men randomly formed from the patients with normal semen parameters according to WHO criterion. Therefore, all semen parameters of infertile patients were similar to the same characteristics of the semen of healthy men, except the abnormal forms. The amount of abnormal forms in infertile men was significantly higher than in healthy men. Sperm from infertile men show a drastic loss of phosphatidyl ethanolamine. At the same time, the significant increase of phosphatidyl serine in the sperm and seminal plasma of sterile patients was found. Lysophosphatidyl serine in the sperm of the infertile men was detected. Fatty acid composition of the semen of infertile men was altered. The levels of stearic and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosopentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) was dramatically lowered, but the values of some n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (linolenic and docosatetraenoic) acids increased. There was significant positive correlation between docosahexaenoic acid and sperm motility (r = .82, p < .001) and negative correlation between linolenic acid and spermatozoa motility (r = -0.58. p < .05). Infertility of men with normal semen quality can originate from the disorder of sperm lipid metabolism. The drastic loss of phosphatidyl ethanolamine and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with simultaneous enhancement of phosphatidyl serine and some n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in sperm could be an important cause of male infertility.

Chernobyl clean-up workers erythrocyte membrane lipid content at the remote period.

Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident clean-up workers were exposed to different radiation doses. Realization of remote effects depends on cellular membrane structure and function. We studied lipid composition of erythrocyte ghost and blood plasma in clean-up workers on the 12-th year after the accident. Groups of Chernobyl accident clean-up workers, non-irradiated patients with the same diseases and healthy controls were studied. Phospholipids were analyzed by two dimentional thin layer chromatography on silica gel. To analyse fatty acids and cholesterol gas chromatography was used. Total cholesterol and total phospholipids amounts in clean-up workers erythrocyte ghost were increased. The level of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylethanolamine raised. In some of the studied irradiated patients lysophosphatidylethanolamine appeared. The distribution of (diacyl)- and plasmalogen forms of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine was not affected. The fatty acid composition changed slightly except 22:5 n-3, which level significantly increased and 22:5 n-6, which quantity lowered. The unsaturation index remains unchanged. No change in lipid composition of blood plasma was detected. All the changes in lipid composition of erythrocyte ghost of irradiated and unexposed patients were very similar. The obtained results confirm the suggestion about non-specific remote effects after exposure to low doses of ionizing irradiation.

[Effect of carbon dioxide on free radical processes as affected by artificial hypobiosis in rats]. / Vliianie uglekisloty na svobodnoradikal'nye protsessy v usloviiakh iskusstvennogo gipobioza u krys.

High CO2 concentrations in the inspired air have been studied for their effect on the free-radical oxidation of lipids in the lipids in the blood, its serum and mitochondria of the rat liver under artificial hypobiosis. Kinetics of free-radical oxidation of lipids was estimated from the changes in chemiluminescence parameters as well as the content of products which react with thiobarbituric acid. It is found that in animals in the state of artificial hypobiosis the intensity of free-radical oxidation of lipids was rather less as compared with animals which did not fall into hypobiosis because of the exclusion of CO2 from the inspired air. The data obtained permit concluding that the increase of CO2 concentration in the inspired air prevents from the development of the oxidative stress. It is evident that the increase of CO2 in the inspired air occurs before the formation of the adaptational mechanisms, directed to the preventing of lesion of membrane lipids under artificial hypobiosis.

Long-chain N-acylethanolamines inhibit lipid peroxidation in rat liver mitochondria under acute hypoxic hypoxia.

Two long-chain N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), N-palmitoyl- (NPE) and N-stearoylethanolamine (NSE), are shown to inhibit an in vitro non-enzymatic Fe(2+)-induced free radical oxidation of lipids in the liver mitochondria of rats with hypoxic hypoxia. NSE appeared to be more effective than NPE in suppressing some kinetic parameters of the Fe(2+)-induced chemiluminescence. The inhibitory action of NAEs on non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation supports the idea that they possess membrane protective properties.

[Effect of N-palmitoylethanolamine on energy-dependent transport of Ca2+ in vesicles of myometrium sarcolemma and their phospholipid composition]. / Vliianie n-pal'mitoilétanolamina na énergozavisimyi transport Ca2+ v vezikulakh sarkolemmy miometriia i ikh fosfolipidnyi sostav.

N-palmitoylethanolamine (NPE) was studied for their effect on calcium pump of pig myometrium sarcolemma. NPE in concentration of 10 microM, stimulated by 28-46% Mg2+, ATP-dependent accumulation of Ca2+ in vesicles of plasmatic membrane of uterus myocytes taking absolutely no effect on passive release of this cation from them. NPE modified phospholipid composition of sarcolemma, causing the increase of percentage content of phosphatidylinositol (by 20.2%) and lysophosphatidylcholine (2.7 times). While NPE effects transport Ca2+, Mg(2+)-ATPase solubilized from plasmatic membrane and purified due to the method of affinity chromatography on calmodulin-sepharose 4B, no activating effect of NPE on the calcium pump was observed. And what is more, a weakly expressed tendency to inhibition (by 14-15%, respectively) of the rate of Ca2+, Mg(2+)-dependent enzymic hydrolysis of ATP has been revealed. It is supposed that the effect of NPE on active transmembrane transport of Ca2+ is an important link in the general mechanism of contraction-relax of the myometrium and is, apparently, connected with its modifying effect on the lipid composition of the sarcolemma.

[Effect of n-palmitoylethanolamine on energy-dependent transport of Ca2+ in intracellular structures of myometrium and their phospholipid composition]. / Vliianie n-pal'mitoilétanolamina na énergozavisimyi transport Ca2+ vo vnutrikletochnykh strukturakh miometriia i ikh fosfolipidnyi sostav.

N-palmitoylethanolamine (NPE) was studied for its effect on the systems of energy-dependent transport of Ca2+ in the intracell structures (mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum) of permeabilized cells of smooth muscles of the rat uterus as well as on the lipid composition of myocytes. NPE in concentration of 10(-5) M partially (by 30-50%) inhibited energy-dependent accumulation of Ca2+ in endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of myometrium cells permeabilized by means of treatment of myocytes suspension by digitonin (0.1 mg/ml). NPE modifies the lipid composition of permeabilized myocytes when determining the increase of the amount of inorganic phosphorus of total phospholipids by 57.3% at the expense of considerable accumulation of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin. It is supposed that the effect of NPE on the systems of energy-dependent transport of Ca2+ is achieved through the modification of phospholipid composition of a cell, while modulating effect of NPE on the active transmembrane transfer of Ca2+ in the intracellular structure can be an important link in the general mechanism of the effect of this compound on Ca2+ metabolism in myometrium and on Ca(2+)-depended control of the contracting function of the uterus.

[Status of the thyroid gland in patients with schizophrenia]. / Tireoidnyi status bol'nykh shizofreniei.

A study was made of pituitary-thyroid function in patients with different forms of schizophrenia. Radioimmunoassay was used. All the patients with schizophrenia showed impairment of interrelations within the pituitary-thyroid system, which manifested by accumulation in the peripheral blood of metabolically active T3 due to enhanced degradation of T4 in the peripheral tissues. The rise of TTH concentration represents one of the mechanisms of correction, aimed at the attainment of the physiological content of T4 at the expense of its additional output for its level in the blood serum is appreciably reduced.