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Oper Dent ; 40(2): E47-55, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25535783

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This single-blind controlled study evaluated the genotoxicity and efficacy of at-home bleaching in smokers and nonsmokers. METHODS: We selected 60 patients with central incisors A2 or darker: 30 smokers (experimental group) and 30 nonsmokers (control group). The bleaching was carried out with 10% carbamide peroxide for three hours a day for three weeks. The color was evaluated using a shade guide, Vita Bleachedguide 3D-Master, at baseline, during bleaching (first, second, and third weeks), and one week and one month after bleaching. Smears were obtained with a moistened wooden spatula from marginal gingiva. All the cytologic smears were stained with Giemsa solution. From each slide, 1000 cells were examined under 40× magnification and where micronuclei (MN) were located, they were examined under 100× magnification. The change in shade guide units at the different assessment periods and the frequency of MN were subjected to a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance and Tukey test (α=0.05). RESULTS: In both groups we detected a whitening of approximately 4 to 5 shade guide units, without color rebound after one month (p>0.05). The frequency of MN was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group, regardless of the bleaching treatment (p>0.001). CONCLUSION: The efficacy of bleaching does not appear to be affected by the smoking habit. Additionally, at-home bleaching did not induce DNA damage to the gingival tissue during the bleaching period.


Subject(s)
Peroxides/therapeutic use , Smoking/adverse effects , Tooth Bleaching Agents/therapeutic use , Tooth Bleaching/methods , Urea/analogs & derivatives , Adolescent , Adult , Carbamide Peroxide , DNA Damage/drug effects , Female , Gingiva/drug effects , Humans , Male , Mutagenicity Tests , Peroxides/administration & dosage , Peroxides/toxicity , Self Care/adverse effects , Self Care/methods , Single-Blind Method , Tooth Bleaching/adverse effects , Tooth Bleaching Agents/administration & dosage , Tooth Bleaching Agents/toxicity , Tooth Discoloration/drug therapy , Treatment Outcome , Urea/administration & dosage , Urea/therapeutic use , Urea/toxicity , Young Adult
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