ABSTRACT
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The increasing resistance of Helicobacter pylori to antibiotics demands the search for novel compounds from plant based sources. Artemisia douglasiana Besser is widely used in Cuyo region (Argentina) as folk medicine for the treatment of gastric ailments. AIM OF STUDY: Based on our previous studies that Artemisia douglasiana exert cytoprotective actions against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury we assayed the anti-Helicobacter pylori effect of the Artemisia douglasiana extract and its active compound, dehydroleucodine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The in vitro anti-bacterial activity of Artemisia douglasiana extract and its active compound, dehydroleucodine were determined against one standard strain and six clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori by using the agar dilution methods. RESULTS: The results showed that both dehydroleucodine and Artemisia douglasiana extract had activity against the microorganism with MICs between 1-8 and 60-120 mg/L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Artemisia douglasiana may be a useful alternative treatment strategy principally in eradication of metronidazole and clarithromycin-resistant strain.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Artemisia/chemistry , Helicobacter pylori/drug effects , Lactones/pharmacology , Sesquiterpenes/pharmacology , Argentina , Clarithromycin/pharmacology , Humans , Indians, South American , Medicine, Traditional , Metronidazole/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
Dehydroleucodine (DhL), a sesquiterpene lactone obtained from Artemisia douglasiana, was screened for antidiarrheal effects. DhL inhibited castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice by judged by a decrease in the number of wet faeces in the DhL-treatment groups. DhL significantly reduced intestinal transit in mice. Yohimbine and phentolamine counteracted the inhibitory effect of DhL. It is suggested that alpha2-adrenergic receptors mediate the effect of DhL in intestinal motility. DhL reduced also intraluminal accumulation of fluid. Thus, the antidiarrheal activity of DhL is possibly related, at least in part, to its inhibitory action against gastrointestinal motility and the inhibition of enteropooling property.
Subject(s)
Artemisia , Diarrhea/drug therapy , Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use , Gastrointestinal Transit/drug effects , Lactones/therapeutic use , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Sesquiterpenes/therapeutic use , Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology , Animals , Castor Oil , Defecation/drug effects , Diarrhea/chemically induced , Gastrointestinal Agents/pharmacology , Lactones/antagonists & inhibitors , Lactones/pharmacology , Mice , Phentolamine/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Sesquiterpenes/antagonists & inhibitors , Sesquiterpenes/pharmacology , Yohimbine/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The effects of Clematis montevidensis Spreng. (Ranunculaceae) on urinary excretion of water, sodium and potassium were investigated in rats loaded with isotonic saline solution. The data reported in the present work indicate that the infusions of the root and aerial part of Clematis montevidensis showed a moderate diuretic activity. This effect could be due, at least in part, to the presence of oleanolic acid isolated from this plant.
Subject(s)
Clematis , Diuretics/pharmacology , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Urination/drug effects , Animals , Diuretics/administration & dosage , Diuretics/therapeutic use , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Furosemide/pharmacology , Male , Plant Components, Aerial , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Plant Roots , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
The effects of 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone and 2',4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxychalcone from Zuccagnia punctata Cav. (Fabaceae) and melatonin administration on ethanol-induced gastroduodenal injury were investigated in rats. Both chalcones showed significant preventive effects in treatment with melatonin previous to the necrotising agent. These effects could be due, in part, to the radical scavenging activity of the melatonin.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Chalcone/analogs & derivatives , Chalcone/therapeutic use , Fabaceae , Gastrointestinal Diseases/prevention & control , Melatonin/therapeutic use , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Chalcone/chemistry , Chalcone/isolation & purification , Chalcones , Ethanol , Gastrointestinal Diseases/chemically induced , Male , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
A pharmacological evaluation of Zuccagnia punctata Cav. (Fabaceae) on the gastrointestinal tract was made in rats and mice. 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone and 2',4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxychalcone were isolated from Zuccagnia punctata. The data reported in the present work indicate that the acetone extract and infusion of Zuccagnia punctata reduced intestinal transit in rats and mice and offered protection against ethanol-induced ulceration in rats. The Z. punctata effect could be due, in part, to the presence of 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone and 2',4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxychalcone in this plant.
Subject(s)
Anti-Ulcer Agents/pharmacology , Antidiarrheals/pharmacology , Caesalpinia , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy , Animals , Anti-Ulcer Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Ulcer Agents/therapeutic use , Antidiarrheals/administration & dosage , Antidiarrheals/therapeutic use , Castor Oil , Diarrhea/drug therapy , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Ethanol , Gastrointestinal Motility/drug effects , Male , Mice , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Stomach Ulcer/chemically induced , Stomach Ulcer/pathologyABSTRACT
A pharmacological evaluation of the diuretic activity of Fabiana patagonica Speg. (Solanaceae) was carried out in isotonic saline loaded rats. The data reported in the present work indicate that the acetone extract and infusion of the aerial part of Fabiana patagonica showed a moderate diuretic activity. This activity could be due, in part, to the presence of oleanolic acid isolated as the major metabolite of F. patagonica.
Subject(s)
Diuretics/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Solanaceae , Urination/drug effects , Animals , Female , Furosemide/pharmacology , Male , Plant Shoots/chemistry , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Considerando que la vizcacha (lagostomus maximus maximus) es un roedor muy sensible al Litio (Li), planificamos un estudio bioquímico-histológico inyectando cloruro de Li 1 mEq/Kg/día vía intraperitoneal durante un mes a vizcachas adultas de ambos sexos agrupadas en tres lotes. En el lote I se comprobó por técnicas de microscopía óptica un evidente dano renal, gonodal, hipofisario y adrenal; por métodos bioquímicos se comprobó que el Li disminuyó significativamente los niveles séricos de LH en hembra, el contenido de testosterona y estradiol no fue modificado. En machos el Li sérico resultó significativamente mayor (p<0.01, Prueba de t) que en hembras. El dano fue mayor en machos. en el Lote II se estudió a 30 días de la última administración el grado de recuperación tisular del dano comprobado en el Lote I. Se verificó una recuperación total en hipófisis, parcial en testículo, nula en rinón y se incrementó el dano en adrenal y ovario. Con respecto al efecto seletivo sobre la zona glomerulosa adrenal del Li sería producido via hipófisis. En conclusión el efecto selectivo de Li en adrenal y gónadas en este roedor es una contribución para alertar sobre la posible producción de estos efectos en humanos (AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Lithium Chloride/pharmacology , Adrenal Glands/drug effects , Gonads/drug effects , Luteinizing Hormone/blood , Lithium Chloride/blood , Adrenal Glands/pathology , Gonads/pathology , Pituitary Gland/pathology , Kidney Cortex/pathology , Sex Factors , RodentiaABSTRACT
Considerando que la vizcacha (lagostomus maximus maximus) es un roedor muy sensible al Litio (Li), planificamos un estudio bioquímico-histológico inyectando cloruro de Li 1 mEq/Kg/día vía intraperitoneal durante un mes a vizcachas adultas de ambos sexos agrupadas en tres lotes. En el lote I se comprobó por técnicas de microscopía óptica un evidente dano renal, gonodal, hipofisario y adrenal; por métodos bioquímicos se comprobó que el Li disminuyó significativamente los niveles séricos de LH en hembra, el contenido de testosterona y estradiol no fue modificado. En machos el Li sérico resultó significativamente mayor (p<0.01, Prueba de t) que en hembras. El dano fue mayor en machos. en el Lote II se estudió a 30 días de la última administración el grado de recuperación tisular del dano comprobado en el Lote I. Se verificó una recuperación total en hipófisis, parcial en testículo, nula en rinón y se incrementó el dano en adrenal y ovario. Con respecto al efecto seletivo sobre la zona glomerulosa adrenal del Li sería producido via hipófisis. En conclusión el efecto selectivo de Li en adrenal y gónadas en este roedor es una contribución para alertar sobre la posible producción de estos efectos en humanos
